Deutsche Brauerei Essay Example for Free

Deutsche Brauerei EssayThe agenda attached (EXHIIBT 1) became the focus of Ms. Greta Schweitzers concentration for the next 24 hours. She relied on her team from her EMBA class in Frankfurt to assist her with the recommendations she would need to address this board tomorrow morning. Upon initial analysis, it became obvious that DB was in get at with obligingness to the Ukraine market, much less the proposed capital expansion. Several items alarmed the team when we read the statements from both Lukas Schweitzer and Oleg Pinchuk. The sales and marketing manager has an obviously different accession than that which made DB successful in the past. Oleg Pinchuk has extended credence to its distributors which is causing a rise in sales and accordingly an increase in his pay (as it is based on sales). This needs to be corrected given such a volatile environment and this firms recent history, a somebody in his position should earn a salary based on accounts receivable collections, ra ther than sales. Perhaps then, his discretion would be more restrictive with respect to extension of credit.Furthermore, if the distributors are in fact expanding and enhancing their stores by purchasing new equipment and restocking inventories, then obviously they have the gold to pay DB for their outstanding invoices. This raises substantial questions regarding the prudence of trade-credit extensions and compensation packages offered Mr. Pinchuk, and accordingly, we recommend his termination. A new salary structure and job description delineating required results can be negotiated with Mr. Pinchuks replacement.When considering adopting the budget for 2001, we mustiness consider the proposed expansion and investments in new plant and equipment (warehouse and distribution center). With the overuse of short term debt and a borrowing rate over 2% high than the government rate, it will be impossible to finance this capital expansion. We cannot recommend approval of the budget in it s current form. There is not enough cash being collected, too much inventory carried on behalf of the distributors, too much risky short term debt and too many capital improvements budgeted to justify this expansion.Without in reality collecting cash from the receivables, we do not recommend declaring any additional dividends, as indicated in the budget. Historically, declared and paid dividends were right at or downstairs $2,000 (in thousands of Euros) and the proposed budget increases those to well over $3,200. We recommend restricting dividends declared to what was done in the past, without any increase. Once collections are received and with the change in marketing, credit policies, and inventory control, the company would be in a better financial position to pay additional dividends.As a matter of final note, we powerfully urge the Board of Directors of DB to consider the short term effects of expanding into a new market saving. The Ukraine is just transitioning into becomin g a market economy (experiencing supply and demand that guides the allocation of resources). Such a transition is politically and socially difficult for businesses because of rising inflation, unemployment, and economic uncertainty. We have serious questions about the vigour of DB and whether it can survive until the long term benefits of this transition are realized.

Cultural Narcissism Essay Example for Free

Cultural Narcissism EssayIs then Ameri washbowl culture breeding a clubhouse of narcissists furnish by the self-esteem movement that commenced in the 1970s? Is the current state of constant mainstream media coverage on overly exuberant celebrities flaunting their wealth, along with the ability of anyone to ring armor their private lives on the internet for public viewing making narcism the norm? Can narcissism as a personality disorder be applied dimensionally to an entire culture in a social psychology context?This paper will explore theories on cultural narcissism, the roots of narcissism dating back to the 16th and 17th centuries when the first individualism movement emerged, and how in recent history focussing has again shifted on the individual with the come home of the self-esteem movement of the 1970s, its resulting effect on current generations, and potential effect on future generations in the form of cultural narcissism. Is American Culture manner a Society of Narcissists?There is an assertion in cultural theory that the current cultural trend in America is fueling a selfish society, but that according to psychoanalytic theory, narcissism can only be applied to an individual as a diagnosed personality disorder that develops during childhood (Morales, 1995). Therefore, can narcissism be applied to define the state of an entire culture in in a social psychology context? In the DSM-IV-TR, narcissism is defined as a personality disorder consisting of a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy . . with at least five criteria that must be met in order to be diagnosed with a narcissistic personality disorder for example, having a grandiose sense of self-importance, a thought that one is special, possessing a sense of entitlement, a desire for success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love, and a desire to associate with only those who are of high-status in society (American Psychiat ric Association, 2000, p. 294).However, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) test developed by social psychologists, is used for broad spectrum dimensional assessment of the general population to gradation narcissism in a social context and has been quite reliable in measuring narcissism in society (Foster amp Campbell, 2007). To understand theories in the development of individual narcissism, Sigmund Freud in his 1914 essay On Narcissism an introduction (as cited in Crockatt, 2006, p. 5), proposes primary narcissism occurs in every child as a stage of development, thereby suggesting each and every person is prone to develop narcissism at that stage.Later, Heinz Kohut (1913 1981) proposed his own views on the etiology of narcissism and focused on development of the self in conjunction with the narcissistic self-object, and if a childs narcissistic wishes are not treated with empathy by the self-object, narcissistic problems heed (as cited in Meronen, 1999). Historically i t is conceivable, according to Trzesniewski, Donnellan, amp Robins (2008), that the root of cultural narcissism dates as far back as the 17th century at which time the individualism movement in Europe was born.Suggesting that the movement began earlier, Leeds (2004, p. 109), refers to essays written by Morris Croll (1921 amp 1927) who emphasized that during the 16th century a new movement shifted the focus to inner and individual life of men in contrast with the plausible and public forms of their social existence, and that this earlier movement essentially took away from societal organize religious practice and redirected focus toward individual, internal, and self-experiences.

Sir Gawain and the Loathly Lady, Selina Hastings Analysis

Sir Gawain and the Loathly Lady, Selina Hastings AnalysisHumans are very complex beings. From sentience arrives emotions, both negative and compulsory, which create the beings we know as our friends, our enemies, and the rest of the world. In this rendition of the classic work Sir Gawain and the Loathly Lady, Selina Hastings reinvents two characters from the medieval tale of King Arthur, including the King and Sir Gawain. In this legend, King Arthur meets a mysterious rogue sawbuck when separated from his men on a hunt during the Christmas season. The knight hands him a riddle, What women desire most, in which he must solve in three days time, or else the rogue knight will slay him and take possession of his kingdom. Eventually, King Arthur encounters a woman who cigarette accurately answer the riddle, although she herself is a disgusting old hag. What is even more horrendous is that she offers a high price for her services The hand of a knight in marriage. Arthur reluctantly acc epts, and defeats the rogue knights riddle. As Arthur arrives safely back to the castle, Sir Gawain agrees to become the ugly womans husband, for the honour of his king. Although initially unhappy, Gawains mood is altered for the better when his bride turns out to sacrifice been under a curse, and is actually a beautiful lady. In order to permanently rid her of the curse, Gawain gives his wife what all women desire, to involve her own way. Throughout this tale, Sir Gawain is interpret to be a gritty, arrogant, immature, and loyal knight, effectively making him a multifaceted character.Sir Gawain is obviously a very courageous man. As stated, he is usually the beginning to come forward to the king when the king requires an undertaker for a quest. King Arthur had not even ventured into the details of the endeavour, when Sir Gawain burst out, Sire, I beg you, let me arrest you Grant me the quest (Hastings 179). This proves his courage, since he seems to be willing to tackle any pr oblem, even if the details are unclear. Sir Gawain only further proves his mettle when he proposes to the Loathly Lady, who is equal to make the other knights sit as Stills as statues, and hardly able to believe their eyes (Hastings 179). Madam, will you honour me with your hand in marriage (Hastings 179) was the line mayhap well-rehearsed by Gawain, but however, to be able to speak it so fluently and so convincingly under the hideous gaze of the Loathly Lady is for certain a feat not to take lightly. Based on the above examples, Sir Gawains courage is a force to be reckoned with, as it seems to be able to turn over his common sense.Being at foundation a man, it seems he has a less knightly characteristic an overwhelming sense of arrogance, displaying his multifaceted personality. When King Arthur lastly explains the quest, Gawain looked stunned, but his spirit never faltered (Hastings 179). Upon hearing the fact that he must propose, he faltered, as he and his pride were prepar ed for battle, not for something as unannounced as a marriage to an abhorrent bride . As a result of being the only volunteer and as a victim of knightly chivalry, he was forced to marry the Loathly Lady, and as a consequence of the self-embarrassment, his pride suffered. In shock of his actions, he moved through his wedding in a trance. After the wedding, he thought to himself, Was he to spend the rest of his life shackled to a creature more hideous than the demon of a incubus (Hasting 180). Upon his courage intercepting his mind and causing him to propose to the Loathly Lady, his inner sense of pride was disintegrating. In order for him to be so dismayed, he must have had inner thoughts that he would court a beautiful young lady, instead of an ugly old hag. Upon realizing the reality of his situation, he must have noticed the cons of having such an unappealing bride, in which every solution resulted in having to hide the Loathly Lady, therefore deducting an aspect of adulthood, demoralizing him and stripping him of what little may have been go forth with his arrogance. Due to this episode, Gawains pride as a member of the round table was temporarily diminished.His courage and arrogance may be explained by another sign he houses his immaturity as the youngest Knight of the Round Table in the castle of Carlisle. When the king explains he does not know how he may yet his honour, Sir Gawain leapt up, scattering the ivory chessmen at his feet (Hastings 179). As he was the only knight the rush to the kings aid, it is clear he lacks experience, since no other knight had done the same. some other contributing factor is the fact that he is very superficial, only studying appearances instead of personalities. When The pair Gawain and the transformed Loathly Lady were so happy and so very much in love (Hastings 181), it is obvious that their love cannot be anything recondite, since they only met the day before the quote, so their love is a shallow, sexual love , rather than a deep romantic love. Being young, immaturity is unavoidable.His final trait, which is the most obvious of all characteristics among a group of knights, is their loyalty, more specifically to their king. As previously stated, he is continuously the first to come forward (Hastings 179). Along with being courageous, this statement may also represent loyalty, as he takes it upon himself to help the King in whatever way he can. After hearing the quest Gawain had replied Take me to her, Sire, I will marry her tomorrow. (Hastings 179), which continues to prove his strong sense of loyalty, which prevents his arrogance from allowing him to refuse, and keeps his courage at a constantly effective level. Sir Gawains loyalty keeps a constant hold upon him.The knight, Sir Gawain is a multifaceted character, since he is loyal as he is arrogant and courageous as he is immature. He obeys all orders given to him by the king, but his sense of pride is at the same time corrupted by th e comer of his loathly wife. His courage is tested to the limit when he marries the Loathly Lady, but when the Loathly Ladys curse was broken, it shows how shallow Gawain really is, displaying immaturity. By incorporating a mix of positive and negative traits into the composition of Sir Gawains personality, Selina Hastings has effectively recreated the complex character of a human being. It illustrates the nature of human life, as nobody is perfect.

Terrorism And Its Impacts On Tourism Tourism Essay

Terrorism And Its Impacts On Tourism Tourism EssayThis part of research project comprises of brief and deep aspect ab tabu the presence of act of terrorist act and its impacts on touristry in management lit. At offset printing the characteristics of terrorism risk and uncertainty discussed after defining terrorism and it history, and then discussion tries to narrate the some of the most important and basic concepts in strategic management relates with the terrorism research. We also need to critically analysing the several(predicate) strategic concepts and ab surface at which level of uncertainty, what kind of strategy may better for tourism industry.Terrorism is not new it has long history as old as humans willingness to use strength or force against the civilian nation to achieve policy-making or social ends. It has been defined as a tactic and strategy, a holy duty or crime, a justified reaction to oppression and an inexcusable re symboliseed. It has been employ since th e beginning of the history. agree to Richard A. Horsley (1979) the first terrorist free radical was Jewish group called Sicarii, who murdered Romans and their collaborators to oust their Roman rulers from Judea. The killing weapon of Sicarii was Sica (short dagger) which they used to murder their enemies (Romans and Greeks) and these killings normally took place in daylight and in front of people. The aim of such acts was to send a message to the Roman authorities and their collaborators that this tactics base be used against them as well. The Hashhashin was the 11th to thirteenth century Iranian terrorist group offshoot of by a person slamn as the Ismailis. Like Sicarii terrorist they used the same method of stabbing their victims in daylight. There forces were too small to challenge the militarily, so thats why they killed city governors and military commanders in order to frame uncertainty in militarily. They also carried out assassinations as retri only ifion. Under modern definitions of terrorism some killings they carrier out do not qualify as terrorism (Mark Burgess 2003).According to Jeffrey insert (2003) the origin of modern terrorism and cry terrorism was introduced in Europe in the French Revolution of 1789. In the early period of whirlingary years, it was generally by madness that governments in France tried to impose their radical order on a reluctant citizenry. As a result during this revolution, the meaning of terrorism was recorded by Francaise Academie in 1798 as system or rule of terror. During these revolutionaries more than 40,000 people aim been killed and 5 millions people being jailed as political suspects. This was one of the worst examples that show the terrorism and these cruel killings were justified as an attempt to reduce or eliminate the revolutionary government opponents and to create terror in otherwises people trying to overthrow the existing government. According to Findley Carter Vaughn (1982) the French revoluti on created huge terror and become a prototype for the afterlife terrorists.The terrorist groups formation happened in the late 19th century. Terrorist used to format small groups to attack nation states. According to Crenshaw M. (1981) one of the examples of theses groups was Russian Revolutionary Group (Narodnaya Volya). This terrorist group was trying to create uncertainty through quick attacks against current political regime. The ideas and tricks that these terrorist were used, later become the prime example of terrorism in around the world. They used modern weapons such as bombs, guns and suicide attacks. According to the Director of Central Intelligence (1981) report the Soviet Union was giving assistance to revolutionary movements end-to-end the cold war. They fork up free training and supply of weapons to terrorist groups. The Soviet Union support revolutionary groups around the world in order to export revolution to non communist countries. This Soviet strategy resulted considerable terror and violence around the world.In early 20th century revolutionary terrorism continued to go political violence all over the world, much of this violence directed against the British government. The Irish Republican Army terrorist started violence against British Empire in 1910s and IRA carried out issuance of attacks from 1916 to 1923 against British power. During this period they attacked over 300 police stations, killed dozen police officers and burned down the Liverpool docks and warehouses. afterwards years of violence finally British Empire hold to create an independent Irish nation. Many terrorist groups inspired from IRA fighting tactics including Palestine Mandates, Zionist, Hagannah, Irgun, Lehi and stock-still British army special operations unit used during population War II (Carr M. 2006).After the World War II terrorism was practiced by groups and individuals. According to Goren R. (1984), in late 20th century dramatic growth in terrorism began . Through this period many terrorist organizations were motivated by ideologic considerations such as Palestinian Liberation Organization, Basque ETA and IRA appeared terrorists besides nationalists. These terrorist organizations introduced new and modern method of terrorism such as hijacking, attacks on public and cliquish organizations. Many terrorist organizations consider terrorism as religious war and some use to achieve political goals. The recent and largest act of terrorism occurred on family line 11 2001, when terrorist set of coordinated attacks on USA. The terrorist hijacked civilian airplanes and used these plans to attack the World merchandise Towers and Pentagon. Other major terrorist attacks have occurred in London subway system bombing, Madrid train bombing, Mumbai attacks and many more around the world in retiring(a) decade.Defining terrorismTerrorism in nature is very baffling to define exactly the acts of terrorism conjure emotional responses in the victims and the person who did it. No one is agreeing on one single definition of terrorism, because one mans terrorist is some other mans freedom fighter. If we consider terrorism is an act of political violence, then the war on terrorism is another(prenominal) form of political violence to wipe out other (terrorists). The term terrorism is come from French word terrorisme based on Latin language words Terror means great idolise related to the Latin verb terrere (to frighten). According to the Oxford dictionary, terrorism means act of terror. The word terrorism is emotionally and politically charged and it is also very difficult to provide a precise definition. The studies have found over hundreds definitions of terrorism. The concept of terrorism may itself be controversial because state authorities often use it to delegitimize political or other opponents by use armed force against them (Hoffman B. 1998).Defining terrorism is one of the most demanding tasks, because it has proven impo ssible to outline the scope of terrorist activities and encounter the meaningful delineation of actions that should be called terrorism in the context of philosophers and political scientists. The chief(prenominal) reason is that (as said before) one mans terrorist is another mans hero. In the view of contrasting authors and organizations terrorism has the assorted definitions. Hoffman B. (1998) describes as terrorism is violence or equally important, the threat of violence, used and directed in pursuit of or in servicing of political aim. According to United States department of Defence the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate cultism intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological. In the dictionary of United Nations An anxiety-inspiring method of retell violent action, employed by (semi-) clandestine individual, group or state actors, for idiosyncratic, criminal or political reasons, whereby in contrast to assassination the direct targets of violence are not the main targets.. According to the FBI (2002), terrorism is unlawful use of force of violence against the person or property to intimidate government, civilian population or any segment therefore in furtherance of political or social objectives.A deep interpretation of terrorism in literatureTerrorism can take many shapes and forms and much literature has been produced about financial impact of terrorism on different economic fields and industries. outright arguably it the biggest threat to the tourism and related industries around the world. In the past twenty years, we have seen a dramatic rise in terrorism in different parts of the world. Terrorism did not begin in 21st century after World Trade Centre terrorist attacks. Europe, United States and other continents have a very long and sad history of terrorist attacks. According to Harold Miller (2003), in 20th century IRA in UK, ETA in Spain, Brigate Rosse in Itely, Rote Armee Fraktion in Germany, 7 November in Greece are the few worse examples of terrorist groups in Europe. In United States we remember the bombing in Oklahoma City in 1994, World Trade Center bombing in 1993 and 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks. But September 11 2001 attacks have variety showd the world, as UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has said, none of the takings that faced us on 10 September 2001 has become little urgent. Now the terrorism has grown to an unprecedented limit and in multiplicity. As we know that, even terrorist without the use of weapons of mass destruction can kill thousands of people and destroy the economic activities (Gabriele G.S. Suder 2004). According to Blomberg, Brock S. Gregory (2004), terrorism is associated with a diversion of spending from enthronement to governments expenditure. To fund these government expenditures, they borrow from foreign financial institutions and gover nments. The develop countries with less volatile currencies normally issue long term debts to cover the deficit and less developing countries confronting terrorism by government spending through sale of foreign reserves, printing more currency and increasing inflation. Gupta S. Clements B. (2004) reached the same conclusion, that the terrorist activities arrant(a) impacts on less develop countries than developed from monetary policy perspective.Terrorism has its massive set up on tourism industry and related businesses. Darnell B. (2010) said, most businesses operating in the effected area gets impact from the thrust of government policies to quell terrorism, which is another kind of harm which tourism industry may gets, when the terrorist activities happens. This kind of wide-spread results predict an come to the fore un captivatingness of tourism in effected areas. It is conspicuous to secure all of the targets of terrorism at the same time. In the number of attacks done by sm all terrorist groups with to the lowest degree resources, the loss to tourism industry was massive. If costs of an attack be measured by the loss which tourism industry faced, the tourism industry always remunerative far great amount than the loss of terrorist group. Hoffman B. (1998) cited that the cost of the bomb was not more than $400, which was the reason of the loss of $550 million in the blast of World Trade Centre in 1993. The amount which is sending to protect the world from terrorism is many one thousand million dollars, while the terrorist cost nothing in front of it.The word terrorism seized the worlds attention in September 11 2001 as a result of destructive and dramatic attack on core symbols (world trade affection and pentagon) of worlds most powerful country United State of America. The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on New York exposed the vulnerabilities of the tourism industry and it also change the perception of tourists as to travel safely and securely . According to Bruck T. and Wickstrom B. (2004), some economic sectors or industries are more vulnerable to terrorist attacks than other and consequently they suffer more losses. The vulnerability of sector or industry may be due to characteristics of its operation. Tourism industry is perishable and its services can not be sold at another time or stored, once the time passes. So tourism industry will experience the vulnerability in the times of terrorist attacks and it affect on patterns of demand. The main aim of terrorist groups is to express the massage of fear to the people as wide as possible. According to Lehrman S. R. (1986), tourists are the soft target for terrorists because politicians and embassies are less attractive as they have huge security measures. Connor, Stafford Gallagher (2009) said, targeting tourists has the potential to punish the ideologies of capitalism and damage the country economy. Richter and Waugh (1986) said that terrorist attacks on overseas touri sts are less probably to alienate popular support than they attacks on local targets because in this way they threat to other tourists. Targeting the local tourists would likely to engage the public as a result to retribution of places the existence of the terrorist groups at risk. There are number of studies about tourists choice of destination based on the costs and risk of terrorism. antique P. and Thapa B. (2003) examined the effect of terrorism risk on travel intentions after the September 11 2001 attacks. The results show that travellers were considering the safety concerns and risk of terrorist attacks during travel. McKercher B. and Hui E. 2003) said that, terrorist attacks have an immediate but short term impact on tourism and travel flows. They also suggest that after the initial attacks tourism industry has greater effect than the plateful of initial attack. According to Connor, Stafford Gallagher (2009), terrorist will continue the biggest threat to the tourism indust ry and terrorist groups have to be active in order to maintain discipline, interest and morale. This tilt is still valid after 19 years later, for this reason we can expect this to be continuing, because terrorist attacks can happen anywhere and no place is safe. Now the biggest challenge to tourism industry is to deal and manage the crisis in the event of terrorist attack.It is difficult to determine the impact of terrorism on tourism industry because twist of tourism and terrorism differ not across the countries but also over the time. Drakos K. and Kutan A. (2003) emphasizes the importance of differentiating between different types of attacks, the locations of terrorist attacks (e.g. urban or rural areas) and number of casualties. Aziz H. (1995) said terrorism could also be a reaction to irresponsible tourism development. The study of Enders W. and Sandler T. (1991) argue that it is found that the causality is unidirectional, that the terrorists affect the inflow of tourists b ut not reverse. The different studies, facts and figures show how tourism industry in finical country or region is moved(p) by terrorist attacks. The deterrent impact of terrorism on tourism industry in particular country may benefit the tourism in alternative destinations.Financial impacts of terrorism on tourism industryThe literature on terrorism and tourism is scant. The two studies by Enders et al 1992 and Enders and Sandler 1991 provide empirical evidence on the link between tourism sector and terrorism. Enders W. and Sandler T. (1991) used monthly data from 1970 to 1988 and employed VAR (Vector Autoregressive Analysis) to find cast out impact of terrorism on tourism in Spain. According to Drakos K. Kutan A. (2003), Enders et al studied a large sample of European countries, between the periods 1974 to 1988 to find the impacts of terrorist attacks on tourism. They employ time series analysis and ARIMA technique with transfer functions and piddle a forecasting model to analy se the impact on tourism in these countries. In these models they used quarterly terrorism data to quantify the present value of loss in tourism revenue for selected sample of European countries. According to Enders calculation Italy, Greece and Austria garbled $1.16 billion, $.77 and $4.5 billion respectively during 1974 to 1988. During this period all Europeans countries baffled in tourism $16.15 billion due to terrorism. They conclude that terrorism has significant impact on Europe tourism industry revenue and tourists find refilling destination in order to minimise the risk of experiencing terrorist attacks.The immediate effects of terrorist attacks are death and destruction but the subsequent effects are reprove investment, interrupt travel tourism patterns and destabilise economies. The economic effect of terrorism has been the main subject of number of studies. According to Enders W. Sandler T. (2002), the terrorist attacks have economically significant negative effect on the economic growth these attacks have less persistent and considerably smaller than the impacts of internal conflict or external war. Frey B. and Luechinger S. (2004), said that terrorists change tricks and tactics in reaction to the government polices, and it has direct effect on investment and economic growth. They also said that the investor decision to invest in particular country is based on economic risk, monetary returns and political risk. The foreign direct investment is one of the economic benefits of tourism, anything that effect on tourism unavoidably to be minimised. Coshall J. (2005) claimed that Pan Am flight bombing in Lockerbie Scotland had minimal impacts on UK tourism and receipts from international tourists, while September 11 2001 had severe impacts on UK tourism and rest of the world.Different strategic management approaches of the tourism industry may have the same analytical aspects to improve the performance of industry. According to context of world To urism organization (2008) the international tourism is increasing day by day as in 2008, the trade happens of more than $944 billion and over 922 million international tourist arrivals at different destinations and 2009 number of tourist arrival to 880 million which is 4% decline compare to 2008. The most affected reign was Europe, especially UK with a 6% decline.Terrorism can also destroy tourism industry by reducing tourist arrivals in UK. After September 11 2001, terrorist attacks in UK and continued threat of terrorist attacks also reduce the foreign direct investment significantly. According to Ritcher and Waugh (1986), terrorism and political violence can destroy the tourism industry supply and demand because this industry is extremely sensitive to these extreme events. However, after September 11, 2001 the world has been threatened by terrorism, and acts of terrorism have increased in many countries including UK. The effects of terrorism on tourism decisions have been an area of research concern on demand. Drakos and Kutan (2003), Pizam A. (1999) and Krakover (2005) all agreed that the severity and frequency of terrorist attacks are negatively correlated with the tourism demand. The Pizam and Fleischer (2002) said that the frequency of terrorist attacks cause large decline in tourism industry demand. The interposition analysis by Coshall J. (2005) employs explore that the dynamics of the effects of terrorism incidents on those travelling or visiting UK and UK people going abroad.Influence of Media Following a Terrorist AttackModern terrorism is especially onerous, because of characteristic of its time. The impact of terrorism on macroeconomic is crucial, customers feel themselves in stress and some kind of dogging fear which definitely effects the spending patterns. Media plays very important role with regards to terrorists activities around the world. Firstly, terrorist use media to send their massage to the audience, and general public relied on med ia for breeding in the times of crises. Now terrorist are using media to advance their causes of attacks. According to Sonmez and Graefe (1998), the escalation of terrorism after 70s has been linked to media, with instantaneous access to the worldwide audience. Secondly, the media provide teaching to the public, what has happened, which normally influence the public decisions about travel. In the event of terrorist attacks, Fischer H. (2005) discusses the importance of information, he said it is very difficult for emergency personnel to receive and go on the accurate information at the time of terrorist attacks. According to Lynch Katju (2004), media only report during the time of crises, it provides reportage to particular incident as long as its news and then move toward new news story when it happens. She said tourism industry has a great influence of media reporting and constant coverage of terrorist related incidents discourages the restoration of consumer confidence. Bei rman D. (2003) said that the globalisation of media enhanced the ability to report terrorist events as they occurred, it also gives rise some problems and benefits to tourist authorities. In the word of Mansfeld and Pizam (2006), the media coverage and reporting on terrorist attacks have great impact on tourism industry, which transform the terrorism from horrendous event into iconic event. Tourism industry inevitably to monitor media coverage of terrorist events, because this will help tourism industry to develop strategies, which will help it to restore the tourists and travellers confidence.Media have its ital role in endangering fear, among the society the irresponsible reporting generates scenes of ever present possibility of terrorist act. According to Crenshaw M. (1990) the new and fastest ways of communication allow people to know about happens in the other part of the world within minutes about any terrorist attack. On the other hand terrorist groups are adopting the lates t techniques to communicate with each other and even sometime just for spreading fear with in the specific community to achieve their targets. Czinkota et al (2004) cited that terrorist also using old traditional ways to communicate which are unable to penetrate. The latest ways of transportation system gives terrorist groups better way to move around. So we can say that media plays very important role for tourism industry in the time of terrorists incidents, as the media medium for terrorists to the public subsequently depend on the same media for more information on that incident. consequenceThe discussion will cover some of the most basic concepts in the research of terrorism and its impacts on tourism. Tourism industry internationally and locally particularly affected by terrorism because when some things happen, it disrupts the activities of tourism and related industries. Every year more than trillion dollars are spent on combating terrorism. This along with billons dollars lo st in property damage, loss of human resources and decrease in key industries potential win like tourism, aviation, hotel and transportation industry. It is a plague on global economy and affects on everyone from entire countries to all the way down to individual. Terrorism in recent years has sparked, increase in fear and demand high level of security. The cost of terrorism can be broken down into number of areas and come down to direct effects, response costs and negative effects on tourism industry.Terrorism effects tourism activates deeply. This threat compel almost every department of tourism industry, which cause decline in the profit of industry and on the other side the whole economy has to bear the cost of every single act of terrorism. According to LCCI (2005) report, after 9 11 terrorist attacks, majority of tourism related industries fear high risk of terrorist attacks and they have contingency plan in place to deal with uncertainty. As globalization integrates transna tional organizations and financial markets, events like terrorism which spurn economic uncertainty have increasingly international consequences. Terrorism causes unpredictable political and economic consequences, infuses the public with fear and prevents the free flow of capital, labour, and free market principles. Because of their disastrous impacts, occurrences of terrorism have serious implications on the performance of tourism and related industries around the world. In past few years immediate responses and severe impacts are felt in tourism industry soon after terrorist attacks happened. These sustained reactions can be discover through macroeconomic impacts, government policy responses, tourists and investor confidence. As world move towards more liberal economies and democratic political structures, tourism industry must have the ability to adapt and respond to terrorist events. In order to do so, tourism industry and associated businesses, need a more complete picture and understanding of the pernicious effects of terrorism.

Killing and non-killing religions

Killing and non- cleanup spot religionsIntroductionIn the current times, the gentleman is vulnerable to terror attacks. Some of these terrorism activities argon always associated with extreme sacred organizations. Take for instance, the ISIS, a terror organization operating in Iraq and Syria (Armstrong, 2014). This terror group justifies the killing of non-Muslims on religion. They wrongly call back that the Quran gives them authority to kill and maim whatsoever genius who is not practicing Islam. This paper seeks to explain the concept of killing and non-killing religions. It further seeks to identify, which of these is associated with modern sidereal day terrorism. This paper befools a foot that killing religions be mostly associated with modern day terrorism. Killing and Non Killing ReligionsNon-killing refers to attitudes and actions intended to prevent or stop international acts of killing human life. This is a term that seeks to speak against violence, and it promotes a peaceful co- worldly concern. Non-Killing put up be used to refer to a religious belief that does not advocate for violence. Examples of such religions acknowledge Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, Judaism, etc (Docker, 2008). These are regarded as non-killing religions, because their teachings advocate against violence. Take for instance in Christianity, the bible teaches that if a person hits you on one hardihood, then give him an other(a) cheek to hit. This means that a Christian should not take any retaliatory measures, such as paying violence with violence (Docker, 2008). Killing religions on the other hand advocate for the elimination of anybody who goes against its command. An example includes a religion that supports the murder or killing of people, who do not ascribe to its values (Pallmeyer, 2003). Controversy exists on whether Islam is an example of a killing religion or not. This is because there generate been different interpretations of the teachings of Islam. On e interpretation is of the need to kill anybody who does not practice Islam. different hand, other Islamic scholars argue that this is not correct. This is because Islam seeks to embrace other religions (Docker, 2008). However, this is an issue of debate. In a nutshell, while most Muslims view religion and morality as a means of achieving peace, few of them see violence as a means of achieving it. The group view jehadists as an aberration of Islam that darkers little more than oppression, religious police, veiled women, and disavowal of modern science. DifferencesChristians (Nonkilling Religion) believe that God sent Christ to correct the deviations of the Jews. Muslims on another hand trust that God sent oracle Mohammed, his final prophet, to correct the deviations of the Christians. They believe that Christianity is not a true representation of the teachings of God (Docker, 2008). For example, the devil depart on the use of violence to spread their religion. For instance, on e of the teachings of Christianity is that he who lives by the sword, go away also die by the sword. This is a condemnation of violence, and it is seeking to promote a peaceful co-existence amongst one another.The Quran teaches that anyone who tries to take off the religion should be punished. By looking at these occurrences, it is possible to denote that Christianity and Islam are two very different religions, and they propagate different values and beliefs. Buddhism and Hinduism are other non-killing religions (Pallmeyer, 2003). These religions believe in a peaceful co-existence amongst one another. Furthermore, Buddhism believes that to achieve ultimate peace, there is a need of an individual to constantly meditate. Hinduism believes in the existence of many gods, and goddesses. On this fact, this religion embraces other religions, and their beliefs.This is unacceptable in Islam. Islam does not tolerate any other religion, and they believe that no God exists, apart from their god, who is called Allah. It is because of this fact that Islamic extremists are willing to kill, for Allah (Pallmeyer, 2003). The violent advocation of Islamic beliefs is referred to as jihad. Jihad refers to an action aimed at exerting effort for purposes of achieving a desired outcome. Muslims normally fight Jihad on two levels. The first level, is the war against Satanic accusations, poverty, and diseases (Pallmeyer, 2003). The second Jihad is fought against any person who is viewed as going against the principles and doctrines of Islam. Non-killing religions do not support any type of violence, nor do they have any violent ideologies, such as jihad. Islam stresses that anyone who does not convert to Islam, should be killed, or enslaved. The other non-killing religions do not have these provisions (Pallmeyer, 2003). For them, those who do not agree with their dogmas are never slayed or killed. In this view, we can appreciate the fact that these two religions do contrast in huge steps. While the former propagates for killing the rebels or making them slaves, the latter focuses on tolerance and peace. They do these based on Koran&aposs Allah doctrines. In addition, in case a Muslim brother gets into the way of murdering the non-Muslims, Islam permits that such an individual is slain. They can go into the levels of leveling a neighborhood to finish off infidel (Pallmeyer, 2003). In this sense, Islam regards these types of killings as piety, and it sees nothing wrong with it. For example, the word Boko Haram means that Western Education is sinful. This is a religious extremist group that is found in Northern Nigeria and it advocates for the Islamization of Nigeria. In the pursuit of their goal, they burned schools, kidnaped hundreds of children, and left causalities numbering in thousands. Their suspected links with the al-Qaeda in the Maghreb and al-Shabaab in Somalia has made Boko Haram a true(a) menace in the eyes of U.S national security. The other non-k illing religions calls for loving your neighbors as you love you. So the notion of killing to gain something is seen as evil in these forms of religions.In comparison to Christianity, Islam does not offer a chapter about love, 1 Corinthians 13.thither exist no parable of Good Samaritan (Docker, 2008). The call to personal holiness doesn&apost exist entirely. There is no hope for personal salvation by way of sinless sacrifice just as Christ did upon Calvary. The hope of never-ending bliss in saintly heaven is non-existent (Ellens, 2004). The sacrifice of laying down the life of one person is not present in Islam. Instead, it is killing others that will let you gain eternity (Docker, 2008). The love for a neighbor is absent in totality among the killing religions. This is seen amongst the Boko Haram militants. This people kill, with the argument that they are advocating for the adoption of Islamic principles. Prophet Mohammed was a political leader, and the Koran had much to say abo ut how to organize a well-run society in a manner that promotes peace and justice. The two make it true by saying that, modern day Muslims find it very absurd to separate religion from Government. It begs the question, why would human law be above the law of God. It is on this baseline that we find so many extremists rising up to counter government forces in all manner of unlawful rentshed strategies (Docker, 2008). They do not think about who they might be putting in danger, but their main focus is selfishness. In other world religions, the reverse is very evident, Killing is not allowed and is regarded very evil. Such acts attract punishments ranging from eternal condemnation and torture. In these religions, there is the separation of religion and government structures (Docker, 2008).The holy book of Muslims is the Koran. It is a compilation of God&aposs laws which were revealed to Mohammed.. Mohammed is respected by most Muslims as a prophet of God and not as an point of refer ence of God. Christ in His works here on earth claimed to be God. Mohammed was a mortal appointed by God to proclaim the message of peace and enlightenment and in this sense he had no supernatural military forces (Ellens, 2004). To Christianity, it is contrary to these. Christ in his ministry among the Jews did many miracles that culminated into very many people following His doctrine. This includes airlift the dead, healing the sick, etc. For Him, many people believed in eternal bliss in holy heaven because He was an extension of God Himself. Modern daytime TerrorismModern day terrorism is deeply associated with killing religions. Take for example, Islam. Most terrorism groups that emerge, normally associate themselves with Islam. An example is Al-Qaeda, whose leaders called for Jihad, against the the Statesns and the Israeli interests (Ellens, 2004). This is because they believed that America and Israel were working against the interests of Islam. The Quran encourages Muslims t o take captives during instances of war (Armstrong, 2014). This can only happen when a jihad is declared. This is the reason why most terror groups normally nominate a Jihad, when engaged in terrorism activities.It might be true theoretically, but modern day terrorism is evident on the verses from Koran bid the one above. A lot of emphases are on the jihad as means of seeing the wonderful life ahead of us. In this regard, extremists like the al-Qaeda, al-Shabab and the Boko Haram of Nigeria take it upon themselves to control governments by either hijacking planes, children or just killing using bombs (Armstrong, 2014). What matters to them is exerting fear and anxiety among innocent citizens at the expense of their selfish endeavors. There is a very strong association between modern day terrorism and organized religion. These words are well depicted in the brutal killing of Cpl. Nathan Cirillo by a recent Muslim convert called Michael Zeharf-Bibeau. In his submission, he states t hat it very absurd for a Muslim convert to go on a shooting spree in the Canadian parliament (Docker, 2008). In as much as it is visible that the religion has something to do with behavior, other factors also can contribute. For instance, neglect on upbringing, ideology, mental problems and even criminal past and drug addiction. But of the stated reasons religion has the strongest relation with what Bibeau did in Canada (Docker, 2008). The precipitation of modern day terrorism resurgence of armed and radical jihadi movements are two in nature.First is the revolutionary ideals and ideology of the 1979 Iranian revolution and secondly, the practical application of jihad against the Soviet Union&aposs occupation of Afghanistan. ConclusionReligious terrorism is the political insurgency by members of a certain group of doctrinal faith in trying to avert the effects of the stated political system. In this sense, anything that results from such an arrangement is viewed as a huge blessing to the people conflict for that course. Modern day terrorism is visible by many groups of the Islamic faith who have a baseline of bloodletting. The recent events in the United States on September 11, 2001 showed the lengths at which these extremists can extend to. The modern day government or political units should endeavor to reach out to the grievances aired out by political extremists. On a religious scale, it is imperative for the states to try out to counter the effects of religious extremist. The killing religion propagates for modern day hijacking of planes and children, like the Nigerian Boko Haram and the al-Qaeda not forgetting the al-Shabaab in present-day Somalia. In this submission it is practical knowledge to denote killing religions with modern terrorism.ReferencesArmstrong, K. (2014). Fields of blood religion and the history of violence. New York, N.Y.Books on Tape .Docker, J. (2008). The origins of violence religion, history and genocide. London Pluto bring up.Top of FormBottom of FormEllens, J. (2004). The destructive power of religion Violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Westport,Conn. Praeger. Top of FormBottom of FormPallmeyer, J. (2003). Is religion killing us? Violence in the Bible and the Quran. Harrisburg, Pa. TrinityPress International.

Did Odyssues Bring The Trouble :: essays research papers

Did Odysseus and his men bring the string of catastrophes on themselves? Yes, they did get themselves into serious trouble. With a pompous attitude, the men prolonged their journey home to Ithaca. Those who did not countenance Odysseus&8217s smarts, died because of this. When they raided the Cicones&8217 village, harassed Poseidon&8217s son, and killed the Helios&8217s cattle, they punished themselves.Odysseus and his men stormed Cicones, and reeked havoc on all that lived there, even the sheep. They killed men who fought, robbed the citizens, and enslaved the women, and slaughtered the livestock, before dividing the loot between them. But this was a fatal mistake, for the Cicones had a great and powerful army. Odysseus&8217s shipmates fought a unverbalized battle, but were defeated in the end. Many of their lives were lost. &8220Six benches were left empty in every ship. Their selfishness cost them friends and shipmates, and make their attempt to get home, even more than difficu lt. After stabbing Polyphemus in his eye and blinding him, Odysseus provoked and harassed the Cyclops, which angered him immensely. &8220 Cyclops, if ever mortal man inquire how you were put to shame and blinded, report him Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye Laertes&8217 son whose home&8217s on Ithaca, shouted Odysseus to the crippled Polyphemus, which was not very smart. If Odysseus had not told the Cyclops this incriminating information, he would have had a much safer journey. Polyphemus begged his father Poseidon, god of earthquake, to curse Odysseus. The Cyclops cried out to his father to prevent Odysseus from returning home, and pleaded with him to let Odysseus lose his companions. Circe and Tiresias warned Odysseus and his men that it would be grim if the sun god&8217s cattle were harmed. Odysseus urged his men, who were fatigued, to avoid the island of the sun god, Thrinacia. Instead of heeding this warning the men landed on the island, but only after Odysseus made t hem swear not to touch the cattle. On the island, they did not just touch the cattle, they made a meal of them. Helios, the sun god, was infuriated, and he asked for restitution from Zeus. As a punishment for their crimes, the ruler of all gods threw down a bolt of hot lighting and destroyed Odysseus&8217s ships.

The Film (Movie) Version of All Quiet on the Western Front :: Movie Film Essays

The Film (Movie) Version of All Quiet on the Western Front In the movie All Quiet on the Western Front we see the boys almost innocent as they sit in class. The teacher in this impression is pressuring the boys to go to war. He preaches that it is their duty to fight. The teacher seems very pushy and strict. He is especially strict with capital of Minnesota, the main character in the movie. In this particular scene, Paul is drawing a picture of a bird. In Pauls family they atomic number 18 glad that he is going to war. His family prays for him and they pray for the Kaiser, the ruler of Germany. We see here that this is ironic because Pauls family is praying for soul they have never met. When Paul goes to see his friend in the hospital, another friend asks for the boots he has. This shows that the boys atomic number 18 already changing. When the boys go to the training camp they are still innocent. They meet Corporal Himmelstoss. Corporal Himmelstoss is very mean to the boys and is very strict. After completing the Training camp the boys go to war. When the boys get to the battlefield they are told by Kat their leader, that what they learned in training camp they do not need to know because, you dont need to know how to march in war. The prototypical day they are there, Paul sees a horse getting killed. He is very mad about this because the horses are innocent and they are not baffling with the war. Paul is changed emotionally by this and he is sad about it. After the boys see the Kaiser they talk and dont even know what they are fighting for. One iniquity in battle Paul killed a French soldier. Once he killed the solider he begins to regret that he killed him. He looks at the pictures of the soldiers family. Paul says that they could of been brothers. Paul trys to keep on the soldiers life but, cannot. Paul realizes that he has killed another human. Paul feels remorse In battle Albert, Paul, and Franz get wounded. Franz dies and Albert gets his leg amputated. Albert becomes depressed and becomes suicidal.