Method Of Communication And Different Uses Of Communication Essay

Method of Communication and Different Uses of CommunicationWith the development of civilization and scripted languages came the needfor more frequent and reliable methods of communication allowing messages toreach longer distances. This was essential to the control of trade and otheraffairs between nations and empires.Early small-arm used cave walls as the media on which messages could betranscribed, this was common for many years, until the Egyptians discovered aspecial kind of rush (Papyrus) that could be woven to take a portable writingmaterial. In about 105AD the Chinese discovered a way to make a similarsubstance from wood pulp. everyplace the next few centuries printing techniques advanced rapidly,especially through the use of steam power. The first typesetting machine, theLinotype, was patented in 1884 by the German-American Ottmar Mergenthaler.In the meantime, postal services and moved from being privately to across the nation owned, and long distance postal services becam e an affordable option.For the first time, an ordinary person could correspond with multitude in othercountries. A visual semaphore system was also implemented in both Europe and theUnited States, providing a way of echoing messages nationally via large towersplaced in strategic positions however this proved slow as each method had to beverified to ensure message accuracy. next the discovery and partial understanding of electricity in t...

Canine Heartworm Disease Essay -- Heartworm Disease Dogs

Canine Heartworm disorderCanine Heartworm Disease is a serious and potentially ignominious unsoundness caused by the parasite Dirofilaria Immitis. The disease can infect over 30 species, including humans, however dogs are the definitive host. The most common way this disease is communicable from one animal to the next is through mosquitoes. A mosquito carrying infective heartworm larvae bites a dog and transmits the infection to them. The larvae grow, develop, and migrate in the body over a period of 6 to 7 months, in which time they become sexually mature male and female worms. this is the prepatent period. The worms then reside in the heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels. The worms baffle to mate and release microfilaria into the blood stream. When a mosquito bites an infected dog it takes in some of the microfilaria in the blood. After 10 to 30 days there is larvae in the mosquitos salivary gland which can then be passed on to the next dog the mosquito bites.Canine Hear tworm Disease can also be transmitted to puppies through the placenta of an infected mother. However in this case the puppies will only be carriers, but this makes them at risk of severe reactions when starting canine heartworm prevention. other way larvae can be passed is through blood transfusions. To prevent this all donors must be cleared of heartworm disease before donating.Dogs infected with Canine Heartworm Disease can have from 1 to 250 worms living in them for 5 to 7 years. The organs us...

The Significance of Language in Richard Wright’s Black Boy :: Wright Black Boy Essays

The Significance of Language in Richard Wrights Black BoyRichard Wright had the privilege to experience America society, probably, at its worst. He saw how humanity had the ability to treat other humans. His autobiography tells the tale, but it also gives feeling to words, to language. Wright had a gift for writing and he uses many techniques to bring that writing to life for example, the exchange of words between albumins and black-markets gives the reader insight as to how much respect each race held for each other, or the degree of imagery he uses to bring the book to life. Both of these techniques show how language-words set us apart in society.Back in the 1920s there were lines set before a black man that he was expected not to cross. Blacks were looked down upon in American society not just by whites, but by everyone, including Jews. When a white person spoke to a black person, that white person expected and demanded respect from that black person. And if the kind of respec t that was sought after was given, then you susceptibility as well run and never come back. Richard saw this in his everyday life, it was normal, and he conveys it in his writing. For instance, when Richard is arguing with his principal about his valedictorian tongue the language that comes from Richard is full of anger and resentment however, though his tone sings one tune, his words sing a to overblowny different one. The words that Richard spits out at his principal are filled with a certain respect that is not practiced or learned but built in. In any interject that Richard ever worked or visited if and when he encountered a white man or woman he removed his hat and always answered with yes or no maam or yes or no sir. That kind of respect and speech had always been around and was assumed around. Richard knew that if you were black and in the white-world you didnt speak until spoken to and this can be found all through Black Boy.Imagery, Richard uses a plethora of it through out his book. It is the collection of images that helps you see what Richard is trying to show the world. When Richard is arguing with his principal, you can picture it perfectly.... This tall skinny black boy standing in a small office arguing with this red faced fat white man who is academic session at a desk.

Patriot Essay -- essays research papers

Martin, a veteran of the French and Indian War, thinks of himself as a battle-weary peacenik (his eldest son joins the army against his wishes), but if he believes in liberating the colonies from the tyranny of King George III, he believes even more fervently in smiting the holy bejesus out of the soldiers who create torn his family apart. That these aristocratic oppressors happen to be the same redcoats who are fighting to quash the American Revolution is, shall we say, a matter of the highest moral convenience. Written by Robert Rodat (Saving Private Ryan) and directed by the heavy-tromping blockbuster maestro Roland Emmerich (Independence Day, Godzilla), The Patriot is set in fields, forests, homes, and backwaters, and theres something at once canny and reductive about the way that it personalizes the bloody render of a nation. The filmmakers know that the last thing contemporary audiences need is another square-shouldered Classics Illustrated lecture that regurgitates the rig hteous and idealistic mythology of Why We Fought the British. At the same time, Im not sure that I want my history dragged into the colonial trenches by a filmmaker like Roland Emmerich. The Patriot has some fierce and exciting moments, and its held together by Gibsons boney slow-burn charisma (he talks in his low voice), but the movie is also demagogic and crude. Its a fife-and-drum Gladiator without elegance -- the Revolutionary War turned into a big, hammerheaded s...

Essay --

Helen Keller is a woman that has done many wonderful things in her lifetime. Many people think she is an amazing person. She has taught people that no matter what is wrong with you, you can do anything you put your mind to. I believe she looked at as one of the most inspirational people in the world. Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880. She was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama, which was a small, southern, and sleepy town. Helen enjoyed living in her farmhouse and having her horses, dogs, and chickens. Helen love living in such a small home town. Helens father, Captain Arthur Keller, was a newspaper editor and a cotton farmer. During the Civil war he served in the Confederate Army. Her mother, Kate Keller, was born in the south, and she was related to John Adams. Helen loved her parents and had a great relationship with both of them. When Helen was nineteen months old she came mound with a serious fever. The doctors called it congestion of the brain and stomach. Suddenly, the fever went away and she became maneuver. Helen was having a bath when her mother moved her hand in front of her face and she did non blink or move her eyes at all. She did it several times to see if she would blink but she never did. Helens mother realized that her female child had become blind. Helens mom and dad noticed that she needed a little special help, so they decided it would be best to contact the Perkins Institute for the blind in Boston. The director told them about Anne Sullivan. She had also been blind, but the doctor saved her eyesight in surgery. Anne arrived on March 3, 1887 and she immediately began to work with Helen.Anne Sullivan had a very hard childhood, just like Helen. She was born to Irish immigra... ... October 20, 1936, at 70 years old. Helen was so sad that she lost the woman who had helped her through her whole life. Helen had a very difficult time getting over her loss. In 1957, Polly had a very severe stroke. Due to the stroke she s uffered brain damage, and could no longer be Helens assistant. Polly Thomas died in 1960 after 46 years with Helen. When Helen was in her eighties she became very weak. In 1961, she had a stroke and developed diabetes. At the age of 87, Helen died maculation she was in her house after having a sudden heart attack. Helen Keller is one of the most inspirational people ever. She has done amazing things in her life and with the American Foundation for the Blind. She accomplished many things that most people have not achieved in their lives. Helen Keller is and will always be remembered for her great actions.

Essay --

Helen Keller is a woman that has done many wonderful things in her lifetime. Many people think she is an amazing person. She has taught people that no matter what is wrong with you, you can do anything you put your mind to. I believe she looked at as one of the most inspirational people in the world. Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880. She was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama, which was a small, southern, and sleepy town. Helen enjoyed living in her farmhouse and having her horses, dogs, and chickens. Helen loved living in such a small cornerstone town. Helens father, Captain Arthur Keller, was a newspaper editor and a cotton farmer. During the Civil War he served in the Confederate Army. Her mother, Kate Keller, was born in the south, and she was related to to John Adams. Helen loved her parents and had a great relationship with both of them. When Helen was nineteen months old she came down with a serious fever. The deposits called it congestion of the brain and stomach. Suddenly, the fever went outside and she became blind. Helen was having a bath when her mother moved her hand in front of her face and she did not blink or move her eyes at all. She did it several(prenominal) times to see if she would blink but she never did. Helens mother realized that her daughter had become blind. Helens mom and dad noticed that she needed a little special help, so they decided it would be best to contact the Perkins Institute for the blind in Boston. The director told them about Anne Sullivan. She had also been blind, but the doctor saved her eyesight in surgery. Anne arrived on March 3, 1887 and she immediately began to work with Helen.Anne Sullivan had a very hard childhood, just like Helen. She was born to Irish immigra... ... October 20, 1936, at 70 years old. Helen was so sad that she lost the woman who had helped her through her whole life. Helen had a very difficult time getting over her loss. In 1957, Polly had a very severe stroke. Due to the stroke she suffered brain damage, and could no longer be Helens assistant. Polly Thomas died in 1960 after 46 years with Helen. When Helen was in her eighties she became very weak. In 1961, she had a stroke and developed diabetes. At the age of 87, Helen died while she was in her house after having a sudden fondness attack. Helen Keller is one of the most inspirational people ever. She has done amazing things in her life and with the American Foundation for the Blind. She accomplished many things that most people get hold of not achieved in their lives. Helen Keller is and will always be remembered for her great actions.

Student Council Essay

Thingss were easier when I was younger. I felt to a greater extent confident. like I could accomplish everything that I use up. When I was in high school. I wasnt mint of the in-crowd precisely I receive good plenty that people k new-fashioned(a) me. I scored good in most of my tests I was portion of the Student Council. and the Senior Council. which adjudge me experience of import. During that clip of my life. I had everything planned. I knew what I wanted. I had this thought in my caput of what my life would be when I enter university and what would go on when I finish. Thingss ar just non every bit simple any longer. My friends and I ar exclusively(prenominal) in different hamlets. Im okeh with my life. overall.I know that Im lucky to hold my household and my friends. Compared to other people. I actually have nil to kick about. But in my head. I want a different life. I want more than what I have. Theres got to be something better out at that indicate for me. so mething more that volition do me more particular and fulfilled alternatively of experiencing like Im stuck in oblivion. Trying to be honest with myself is non an patrician undertaking. because it meant facing my failures and Im afraid that I wont be able to suppress the obstructions in front of me and I leave behind inhabit my life in the out of boundss. observation as other people live their life and achieve things that I want to accomplish.I simulatet want that to go on to me. I want to look back in my life and be happy of what I have and non repent that I didnt have the bravery to adjudicate different things. that I didnt attempt and purpose higher. So. I am taking this chance to larn and reside my frights. or my obstructions one by one. Baby stairss. as they say. If I want to populate my life the manner I want it to be. I have to arrive wad making something. I merely elicitt sit and dream of things I want. I need to get piling doing things go on. and I need to gain th at I whitethorn non be able to hold it all. only if I quarter hold more. if I start making more. conceive of about the life I want can merely come true if I start to make something about it. I want to ingest this in 10. 20 and 30 old ages and be proud of what I have accomplished. and non agitate my caput in shame that I neer stepped up to do things better for me. If I want to be able to read this make-up 30 old ages from now. the first thing I need to make is do true I become healthy. and remain healthy. I know what to make. but Ive neer gotten about to making anything. I know that I need to exert. and Ive get intoe it before. I merely neer continued on making the right thing.My end for my wellness so is to get down exerting once more. but this clip. I leave go on it. Part of my failure I think is that I expect excessively much. when I put one overt lose one kg in one hebdomad. I get discouraged. I need to understand that non everyone can lose one kg a hebdomad. I need to ac cept that I may non lose weight as fast as the others. I need to put ends for myself and non equal myself to others. Above everything else. I need to be realistic that if I am traveling to accomplish this. I need to hold the forbearance and the subject to transfer things through.There are numerous things I can taste to get down this end. I slangt need to pass a push-down stack of gold to lose weight. There are many beginnings. particularly on the cyberspace that can assist me make this. Looking about on line. I think I will make a mixture of things. I can get down running. Ill start little. like running or ramble oning for 10 proceedingss. so after a hebdomad. possibly I can seek for 15. and after another hebdomad I will seek 20. In between running. I will besides seek and raise weights. ilk with my running. I will get down little. Above all. I will seek and non be unrealistic of what I can accomplish.Eating a healthy diet will now be a portion of my new modus operandi. I wi ll immerse more veggies and fruits and less debris nutrient. I will imbibe more H2O and less soft drink. I dont know if it will of all time be possible for me to wholly cut out soft drinks. but I will seek and cut it down. This maybe a harder end to accomplish. but as my program with everything else. I will get down little and non anticipate miracles. What I will make is eat three types of fruits a twenty-four hours at least. They can all be different. or the same. but I will rail to eat fruit every twenty-four hours. I will besides do certain I have more veggies.It will non be easy. but if I want to be healthy. eating healthy would pick up to be portion of my program. The lone thing that would do it easier is that I do non hold to give up intoxicant or coffin nails as I do non like them. Because I do non smoke or imbibe. I do non hold to dumbfound about giving up this dependence. particularly smoking as I heard it is a hard wont to interrupt. The interest thing I am reflecting on is my household. I am non as good of a kid as I should be to my parents and to my sister. I need to lend more more or less the house and non allow them make everything for me.This should be the most simple of all my ends. truly. I can get down in my sleeping way by doing certain it is ever clean and I put off my books. my apparels and everything else where they belong. I will brush the floor and do certain the furniture in my room is non gathering dust. Outside of my room. I will brush the floor and aid with the wash. My female parent is acquiring old. and I know that it is non that easy for her to make the cookery and the cleansing so I will assist her. This is likely be a good clip to advert that I truly cant cook that good.My female parent can look at our icebox. dissipate out a few veggies and she will be able to feed us that tastes as if she followed a formula. To this twenty-four hours. I dont cognize how she does it. but I will get down larning how. There are many thin gs I can make around the house to do things better for my parents. and they are truly simple. It will take attempt on my portion. but I know I can make them. Ive done them before. and I merely dont like making them. Ive neer asked. but Im reasonably certain my female parent does non like making everything on her ain either. but she does them. and she may call on the rug us a few times. but she let off does them for us.Its about clip I do the same for her. I dont want to be a load to my parents. I want them to see that I can take attention of myself. and that I can take attention of them. sentiment about it. this portion of my end is so easy to accomplish. I can better my life by merely remaining inside the house. Possibly I merely spent excessively much clip dreaming of what could be that I cant see that the life I want can get down at place. in my really ain room. I dont have to travel really far to make my ends. It starts at place. if I fail this. so how can I travel frontward ? The more I think about it. the more I know I cant fail.This is about like a trial to see if I can be to the full independent and be able to take attention of people that will be dependent to me. My household is of import to me. and I want to be able to demo them that. and be able to do them experience that. Helping around the house is such a simple construct. and when I think about it. it comes down to macrocosm responsible. and I need to take up some duty inside the house. Speaking of being responsible. another trait I need to develop is to be responsible when it comes to money. There are so many things that I want. but dont truly necessitate.I have a new phone that I use now. I have approximately five old phones that still work. but theyre non the latest. so I kept on replacing them. My old phone still works merely all right. but I wanted one with the GPS. with the cyberspace connexion. I wanted a smart phone. Do I necessitate it? No. But I brought it anyhow because everyone I know has one. If I didnt purchase this new phone. Id have more money in the bank. Although. I truly dont have much in the bank as I should hold. Traveling on vacations. purchasing new things and traveling out with friends is merely more gratifying than seting money in the bank.The latest GFC ( Global Financial Crisis ) nevertheless has gotten me believing. including that Ponzi strategy. I need to do certain Im smart about my ain money. This will be my hereafter when I am old and non working. I merely cant trust anyone with what Ive earned. Reading approximately good educated people losing their nest eggs because they handed it over to person else is a lesson that people need to larn. If it sounds excessively good. it likely is. I dont want to be 60 or 70 looking at an empty bank story because I handed my money over to person who promised to do me more money.To get down. I truly should halt disbursement on points that I dont truly necessitate. This end can bind up with my earlier en ds. If I buy fruits and veggies and non debris nutrient. I am bound to salvage more money. If I stay at place and go responsible for the house chores. I will non be outside disbursement money on things I truly dont demand. There are so many enticements to give up though. When I am surrounded by people with all the latest appliances. from their newest phone to the iPad. I keep believing that I want it excessively. I can afford it. so why non?Alternatively of giving into enticement. this clip. I will take a measure back and think of the five phones. one iPod. and one camera. All in good status but non being used because I wanted the latest theoretical account. If I want to hold a good quality of life and non trust on political science manus outs when I am old. I need to get down doing alterations now. Like my wellness. it is an investing for my hereafter. it is something that merely I have control over. and non even my parents and my friends can assist me if I dont start economy now. My wellness. my household and my nest eggs program are things I have control over. This hobby end is a spot trickier.Im barely the following Donald Trump. and I dont want to be. I need to get down taking stairss to do certain Im in a calling that I like. that I can larn from and develop further. Theres traveling to be a batch of bumps in the signifier of rejections headed my manner. but I wont allow it halt me. Theres merely so much control I have when it comes to my calling. I can use and use and non acquire a occupation. I may non give up. but this route is traveling to be rough. Possibly thats what I need to make my overall finish of holding a much more fulfilling life. It may be difficult. but Im really looking frontward to the challenge.At this minute in my life. I need to acquire my pes in the door. I know that one time Im in. Id be able to voyage myself better. do more informed determinations. Its different one time you are ready to work compared to when you were still a kid thought of what you want to make. The older you get. the more experience you get. you either go determined to prosecute your end. or to prosecute another avenue. I had a friend who was determined to go a attorney and revolved her life into doing certain she becomes one. She now works as a journalist and is wholly happy where she is.It wasnt because she failed at jurisprudence. once she was at that place. she realised its different from what she envisioned when she was a kid. I wanted to be many things when I was younger that I dont even retrieve what I truly want. I want to do certain I dont acquire into a calling that I will detest and pass the following half of my life suffering. Wherever I end up in. I will larn from the people I work with. my higher-ups and develop my accomplishments. Sooner or subsequently. I will do a move. and I need to be certain that I know what Im making and that I will be ready for any new challenges or any effects of my actions.This country of my life i s such a fuzz at the minute. and Id instead play it safe than take a hazard. This country of my life has so many factors to see. and the merely other country of my life that is even more of a fuzz. is my love life. which is presently non-existent. There. I said it. I have no love life. Depending on my temper. I dont attention. There are times when I wish I was with person. and there are times when I am glad that Im non. I would neer of all time admit it out loud. but theres a portion of me that wants it more and more.Among my friends. there are merely three of us that are individual. and I know that figure will shortly diminish. I dont precisely know how love tantrums in the expansive strategy of things when it comes to my life. I mean. I know I cant unrecorded without the love of my household or my friends. but the love of a spouse. is likely more negotiable. I cant unrecorded without good wellness. I cant unrecorded without my household. and I cant survive without nest eggs and a calling. but a love life? I think I can populate without it. The inquiry so becomes. make I desire to? Like I said. I have my minutes.Sometimes I want to be with person. sometimes I dont. I dont even know why I think this is a capable worth mentioning in my pursuit to hold the life I want to populate if Im so baffled by it. When I was younger. I dont even retrieve desiring a hubby with two childs and a white talent scout fencing. When I was younger. I wanted a fabulous flat in the urban center on the upper floors so I can watch the metropolis visible radiations from my balcony. At this really minute nevertheless. believing about this peculiar topic. what do I want from a spouse? I want him to be smart I want him to be amusing. loyal and respectful.I dont even have a type . I dont care what nationality he is. or what color his hair or his eyes are. If I have to depict him in a physical sense. so I want him to be tall. I dont know why. Possibly its the girly-girl in me who wants pe rson she can tilt on. I truly dont know. The whole construct confuses me. After reading through what I wrote. Im really rather aroused and more optimistic. seting it on paper makes it more existent. more possible to accomplish my ends. I watched the film Invictus . and reminded me of a quotation mark in the film that I believe fits this undertaking.The line came from a verse form of the same rubric by William Ernest Henley I am the maestro of my destiny I am the captain of my psyche. I cant think of anything else that fits this undertaking absolutely. I know that I am the lone 1 who can compose this. I am besides the lone 1 that can do things go on in my life. I have a long route in front of me. and I will be ready to do that journey. When I read this once more in the hereafter. no affair how long that is. I want this paper to be the will of my beginning. and I can so compose my ain stoping.

Molecular Modeling

MOLECULAR MODELING 1. Objectives ? Predictthe shape of identified compounds ? Construct molecular models of identified compounds and ? Determine the molecular structure of identified compounds. 2. scheme Building models of molecules argon useful for visualizing how atoms argon connected in three-dimensional space called molecular geometry, which is best predicted by Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSPER) surmise. The following are the sets of rules summarizing thsi theory ? Consider molecules and ions where two or more atoms are bonded to a central atom. The electron pairs in the valency shell of the central atom are off-key to lay as far apart as possible because electron pair repels one another. The shape of the molecule or ion is a result of the electron-pair repulsion. ? totally the valence-shell electron pairs of the central atom are considered both the pairs that form covalent bonds (called bonding pairs) and the pairs that are unshared (called nonbonding pairs or lo ne pairs). ? The nonbonding pairs help to insure the position of the atoms in the molecule or ion.Valence Shell-Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory allows the chemist to predict 3-dimensional shape of molecules from knowledge of their Lewis Dot Structure. In VESPR theory, the position of bound atoms (ligands0 and electron pairs are passd relative to a central atom. Once the ligands and lone pair electrons are positioned, the resulting geometrical shape presented by the atoms only (ignoring lone pairs) is used to describe the molecule. Electron Density and Molecular Geometry d(Be-Cl) = 0,117 nm? = 180 Linear (B-F) = 0,130 nm ? = one hundred twenty Triangular Planar d(S-O) = 0,150 nm ? = 109 . 5 Tetrahedral d(P-Cleq) = 0,202 nmd(P-Clax) = 0,214 nm? (ClPCl) = 90 ? (ClPCl) = 120 Triangular Biplanar d(Xe-F) = 0,190 nm? = 90 Octahedral 3. Apparatus and Materials 2- Modeling Clay (diff. colors) 1 Wire (3mm. diameter, 5ft. long) 1- Protractor 4. Procedure 4. 1. Determine t he molecular structure of the compounds listed in the table. 4. 2 contain the table provided for the experiment. 4. 3 Construct the molecular models for each compound. 4. 3. Use color for the central atom diff. from the attached atoms. Use one color for the attached atoms. 4. 3. 2 Make a 2-inch diameter central atom X and ? inch diameter for the attached atoms Y. 4. 3. 3 Cut the wire into 3 inches long. 4. 3. 4 subjoin the central atom X to the Y atoms based on the arrangement. 5. MolecularFormula BondAngles MolecularStructure No. ofBond Pairs No. ofLone Pairs AngularGeometry BeCl2 180 2 0 Linear BF3 120 3 0 TrigonalPlanar SO4 109. 5 4 0 Tetrahedral PCl5 120 5 0 TriangularBipyramidalXeF6 90 6 0 Octahedral 6. Questions 1. What is valence electron? Give its importance. In chemistry,valence electronsare theelectronsof anatomthat can participate in the formation ofchemica bondswith other atoms. Valence electrons are their own electrons, present in the free neutral atom, that comb ine with valence electrons of other atoms to form chemical bonds. In a singlecovalent bondboth atoms contribute one valence electron to form ashared pair. Formain group elements, only the outermost electrons are valence electrons.Intransition metals, some inner-shell electrons are also valence electrons. Valence electrons can determine the elements chemical properties and if it will bond with others or not. When two atoms approach each other and react with each other, it is their outer shells that come into contact first, and it is therefore the electrons in their outer shells that are normally involved in any chemical reaction. So it is the number of electrons in an atoms outer shell that determines, to a large extent, how that element will react chemically.

Life on the planet Essay

urine is a vital element for the survival of smell on the planet. In human beings, piss comp rises fifty to seventy percent of an adults body weight. In humans the abstinence from water results in death in a few days. water supply is lost from the human body loses due to urination, sweating and respiration. The bodys water content has to be maintained by regular intake of water and people who fail to consume sufficient water become dehydrated. They develop headaches, tiredness and loss of concentration. durable dehydration results in serious health problems such as constipation and gall bladder st geniuss (Hicks, 2005).The human body gets water from water in the arrant(a) form and beverages, solid foods such as takingss and vegetables and through the chemical processes in the body. According to the British Dietetic Association, an average adult must consume at least two and half liters of water per day. Of this, nearly two liters should be through beverages. During summer the intake of water has to be increased. Physical activities also take away the consumption of more water. It is the major ingredient of all juices and carbonated drinks contain sixty five percent, diluted squashes eighty six percent and fruit juices xc percent water.However, drinking plain water is the most effective means of compensating for depleted body limpids (Hicks, 2005). urine is the chief element of human body and its all-important(a) nutrient. In fact, a human being can survive without food for a considerable period of time but cannot survive for more than a week without water. Water is essential for breathing as it bedews oxygen and supplies it to every cell in the body. Water makes the skin more shiny and supple. It controls the body temperature and discards toxins and former(a) waste material from the body.It distributes important nutrients throughout the body and helps in removing waste materials from the kidneys and the large intestine. The digestive mechanism is en hanced by water and it is essential for the ontogeny and maintenance of good vim tone. It protects and cushions vital organs and acts like a lubricant for the joints by contributing to the special fluids which protect bones from friction and erosion. Water increases the drill of the brain and improves mental quickness in reflex responses (Dr. Susan Kleiner Ph. D. ). Water is a vital nutrient which contributes to every function of the body.It acts as a vehicle in transporting essential nutrients to the cells and waste material out of them. Water is necessary for the functions of digestion, absorption, circulation and excretion and for the absorption of water soluble vitamins. It is essential for regulating the body temperature (Functions of Water in the Human Body). The water in saliva allows foods to slide smoothly down the esophagus and the watery fluids dissolve enzymes, hormones and coenzymes. Water acts as a result for waste materials like urea, carbon dioxide and other el ectrolytes in the body.It plays a major role in Hydrolysis in which water molecules divide into hydrogen H+ and hydroxyl OH- ions. This chemical process forms the basis for the reaction of substances in the human body. For instance, sucrose is hydrolyzed into fructose and glucose. Moreover, water serves as a catalyst in intercellular reactions and maintains the electrolyte symmetry in the body (Water in the Body). Insufficient water results in dehydration, formation of kidney stones and particularly in women, urinary tract infections. Its scarcity affects physical and mental running(a) process and the function of the salivary glands.Dehydration endeavors kidney function disorders, harmful changes in hormonal levels, chronic illness and limited mobility (Dehydration). Electrolytes are obtained from food and are absorbed in the intestines. The kidneys maintain the required electrolyte levels in the body. These electrolyte levels are affected by diseases and dehydration. Potassium , the chief cation in the intracellular fluid, plays an important role in activating enzymes and processing and retaining carbohydrates. It acts as medium for transmitting nerve impulses to the heart and skeletal muscles.Its deficiency leads to major health problems. Its depletion is caused by the use of diuretics like thiazides that are used in the treatment of hypertension and heart ailments, excessive perspiration, repeated enemas, trauma, diabetes, diseases of the intestinal tract and disease of the kidney due to the use of tetracycline and excessive intake of licorice. The loss of potassium causes watery pulse, faint heart sounds, low line of merchandise pressure and fatigue. Loss of large amounts of potassium results in death (Hecht, 1986). Magnesium is another electrolyte that is present in the intracellular fluid.It helps in muscle contraction, nerve transmission and acts as catalyst for enzymes. Deficiency of magnesium results from an improper diet, diarrhea, steatorrhea , alcoholism, diabetes, pancreatitis, damage of kidneys and diuretics. Functional disorder of kidneys raises the magnesium levels of the body and persons with kidney ailments micturate to avoid laxatives and antacids, which contain magnesium. This is due to the fact that excessive levels of magnesium lead to depressed reflexes, paralysis of muscles and decreased respiration (Hecht, 1986).Sodium is another important cation in the extracellular fluids, whose main function is to maintain the bodys fluid commensuratenesss. Low sodium body levels result from dehydration, sweating, the use of diuretics and diarrhea, which result in respectable weakness, anxiety and convulsions. Inadequate water intake and malfunction of the kidneys increases the sodium concentration. Depletion of sodium levels in the body result in dry mucous membranes, flushed skin, rise in body temperature, dry eyes and un sated thirst (Hecht, 1986). Chloride is the major anion of the extracellular fluid.It is impor tant for muscle contraction, balancing the fluid levels in the cells and maintaining the acid base balance of extracellular fluid. In order to prevent the accumulation of bicarbonate, there should be a sufficient supply of chloride ions (Hecht, 1986). Calcium is present in the extracellular fluid and is important for nerve impulse transmission, contraction of muscles and the clotting of blood. It mainly exists in the body in the non ionized state in the bones and the teeth. Pancreatitis, chronic kidney disorders and the surgical removal of the parathyroid tissue decrease the ionized atomic number 20 levels.Insufficient calcium levels cause abdominal and muscle cramps, tingling of the finger tips, numbness and overactive reflexes. Excessive calcium levels in the body cause a significant loss of appetite, nausea, weight loss, kidney stones and body pains (Hecht, 1986). Alcohol induces water loss by suppressing the production of the anti diuretic hormone vasopressin, which works on kidneys to concentrate urine by increasing the reabsorption of water and electrolytes into the body. Suppression of this hormone results in the increased loss of body fluid through urination leading to dehydration.Alcohol induce loss of water also results in the loss of magnesium, potassium, calcium and zinc, which are essential for maintaining the fluid balance of the body and muscular activity. Researchers in the UK studied the effect of alcohol on hydration and electrolyte balance after exercise induced dehydration. They found that the volume of urine produced in the consequent six hours of rehydration had increased on par with the intake of alcohol. However, the rate of increase of the blood plasma during rehydration was advantageously slower (Hamilton).Coffee and tea are rich in caffeine or trimethyl xanthine. Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system. It blocks the binding of adenosine with the nerve cells, which enhances nerve activity and leads to the release of epi nephrine. It also increases the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine. The ergogenic properties of caffeine promote lesser muscle activity by reducing glycogen thereby allowing more calcium into muscle cells, which would enhance the power of muscle activity. Caffeine is a diuretic and in higher doses results in heavy water loss through urination.It also increases the blood flow to the kidneys and reduces the reabsorption of sodium by the body (Hamilton). Dehydration is prevented by drinking eight glasses of water per day and abstaining from caffeinated drinks and alcoholic beverages. The common cause of dehydration is due to the loss of fluids from body as a result of gastrointestinal ailments, diarrhea and vomiting. In order to compensate for the lost fluids large amounts of water and fruit juices have to be consumed. Wearing loose fitting clothes keeps the body cool and prevents sweating.Those who participate in sports, have to drink water and fruit juices at regular intervals. Moreover, people should avoid the consumption of coffee, tea and other caffeinated beverages, because they act like diuretics (Gavin, 2006). In the absence of adequate hydration, true health be a chimera. The minimum daily intake of water has been stated to be half as many ounces as there are pounds in ones body weight. The reason for this is that in order to function properly and optimally, every organ in the body requires water to a major extent. A human beings body consists mostly of water and in its absence life is not possible.ReferencesDehydration. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from http//www. betterhealth. vic. gov. au/bhcv2/bhcarticles. nsf/pages/Water_a_vital_nutrient? open Dr. Susan Kleiner Ph. D. , R. (n. d. ). Health & Hydration . Retrieved June 30, 2007, from http//www. calistogawater. com/health/ Functions of Water in the Human Body. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from http//www. resultsproject. net/water_functions. html Gavin, M. L. (2006, January). Dehydra tion. Retrieved June 30, 2007, from http//www. kidshealth. org/teen/safety/first_aid/dehydration. html Hamilton, A. (n. d. ).Caffeine dehydration Caffeine and alcohol just how dehydrating are they? Retrieved June 30, 2007, from http//www. pponline. co. uk/encyc/caffeine-dehydration. htm Hecht, A. (1986, January 1). ELECTROLYTES. Retrieved June 30, 2007, from Electrolytes the charge in the bodys power system. http//www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G1-4293240. html Hicks, R. (2005, September). Why do we need water? Retrieved June 30, 2007, from bbc. co. uk http//www. bbc. co. uk/health/healthy_living/nutrition/drinks_water. shtml Water in the Body. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from http//www. dehlgroup. com/wbody. html

Emo Culture

In todays society at that place ar many different subculture tendencies amongst junior people, they argon various and interpenetrating, but to the bigger part of them is leading the element music and above all such kind of music, that is with a history of many years, alter in classic for many generations. But recently ace very different from the entire subcultures tendencies phenomenon, called emo style, especially strongly ca affaird a sensation. It is different not entirely at the way of clothing, at the type of music preferences, at the type of behavior, but it is different at the way, it understands the world and itself.It is one sad subculture to a coarse stratum namely because of the way, it perceives the ambient historicality. The emo subculture is a combination from the punk rock and the hardcore tendencies. From etymological point of view the name emocore comes from emotional hardcore and its grow are in Washington in the middle of 80s. For founders of the emocore tendency could be shown Rites of Spring, Embrace and Rain. Gradually with the notion emocore they activate to define themselves hardcore punk bands, which start to add melodic elements to their songs. The sadness, the love, the sense of guilt is the basic topic in the lyrics of the emocore.The emo style could be qualified as rock music with emotional-lyric elements. But this couldnt be a final definition, because the debates about the definition of the emo subculture still continue. The emo culture continues to develop and in 90s till today it continues to be popular for the young people. A whole teenage generation succeeds the name emo and the young people start to call themselves emos. The melodramatic behavior and clothes introduce a unused savvy to the music. This subculture is maybe one of the most popular and the most obsessing the mind of young people today.At first considered as a music genre, the emocore today is a subculture phenomenon that unifies music, behavior, mod ality, style and way of life. The values, expressed through the music, consist in emotional topics, often associated with the despair, the nostalgia, the broken heart, the hope and the self hatred. Emo-tional fashion Interesting and contradictory is the fashion of the emo representatives. Staggering hair styles, combined with sport clothing, with many accessories and a strong render-up these are the most distinctive characteristics of the emo fashion that has its varieties and modifications.One of the most cardinal signs, characterizing the emo subculture is the way of forming of the hair. The emo hair styles are unisex they are suitable as for girls, as for boys. Usually the emo hair cut is short, colored in black or at the worst in dark red. Every day to the emo maniac are necessary tons of gel, to make his hair cut in the practical most cult way. A typical particularity of the emo hair style is the bang. It is maybe the longest element of the emo hair that is put closely ove r the one eye, as in this way it covers almost the half of the face.Usually it is straighten with the help of a press and it is fixed with gel or wax. The hair at the back is disheveled, again fixed with different styling products. In the realistic space every one emo candidate could find precise advises in his search how to be emo. It exist many movies that explain by visual methods how to be made the hair style at home, what kind of hairstyling products to be used etc. To make a real emo hair cut it is not necessary the intervention of a hair stylist it is necessary a little bit vision and the help of one good friend.Other, also very interesting for examination element from the image of the emo representative is the clothing. Tight jeans and t-shirts, with printed name of the favorite emocore band, skate sneakers, many-colored stockings, a with child(p) variety of accessories, badges, bracelets these and many others interesting attributes characterize the image of the emo-tio nal young person. As a whole the emos dont give a nifty amount of money for clothes, they tend even to make the clothes, that they will wear, by hand one more sign of their irregularity.The emos arent slaves of some brand, those sneakers they have to consume at any price. Bracelets, belts with caps, hats all these accessories are various and multicolored and they contradict to the tortured and lacerated soul of the emo representative. Also very significant accessory is the ring, cutting the lower lip of the young subculture person. The emo-tional nature of the subculture youth At their nature the emo representatives are extremely sensitive characters. The psychologists define them as introverts, who dont wish to communicate with the ambient world.Because of that they find a field of manifestation in the poetry. The poems that they write are dark, dispiriting, depressive and they inspire sadness and nostalgia. In this respect they to a great degree resemble to the Goths. The li fe and the pain are basic topics in the poetry of the young creators. The specialists advise the parents to pay more attention to their subculture person at home, because namely this way of living of the young people leads to things, for those Ill speak down below in the text and that are incorrigible In incident this type young people, as all the rest, need love and seek it all the time.Just in the process of this search they fall into the dark stern of their souls and they suffer desperately. They suffer, they cry and they listen to their favorite emocore bands the only ones that understand them. For all these emotions, characteristic for the emos, it is especially important the turn with the age. Usually the emo maniacs are between 12- and 18-years-old, when they are especially emotionally and psychically unstable and namely this tendency is the vent for the most young emo adherents. When we add to this the factor family problems the receipt is perfectly made and the real emo core representative is ready.Many stereotypes exist for the emo subculture like for the other subcultures. For example could serve the suicides, the vampire character of the preaching by them ideas and many others. Of course, there are young people, who take destructive for them decisions, but we cant say, that all of them take the same decisions. On the contrary this is one very interesting, to some degree new and unexplored subculture tendency that we dont have to ignore, but to try to understand. Except the music and the poetry it exist one more place, where the emo representatives feel good.This is MySpace in this community they can really find followers in the ramblings of their minds. The dangerous emo subculture The emo subculture got very popular in the last years with some negative events that had agitate the parents and the society. It is found to be that the values and the beliefs that he emo culture preaches are extremely dangerous the most for the health and for the life of the young people. But here it is not about alcohol and cigarett?s, but for something more dangerous and frightening, called suicide.The emo communities decide their problems as they commit suicide by rituals. Even in Bulgaria these tragic events are a fact, to which we become witnesses thanks to the media. Before some months two 14-year-old girls horrified the society, cutting ritually their veins. The motto that they believed in was The kitchen, the knife, the veins, end of the problems And this is not the only case. In the virtual space the information for such tragic events flows. The emos believed, that after their death they will be regenerated and they will go to a better world.Many sites and bloggs for the emo culture use quite scaring backgrounds that couldnt be passed so easily by psychologists and other specialists in this area. Animated sites flow where for background are used children with gun points at their temples, broken hearts and blood. This is one more si gn, that is evidence about the dangerous philosophy of the emocore representatives and namely the suicide. In the media are often found articles with alarming headings and imposing photo material, that have for purpose to wake the sleeping social and parent conscience and to tell how suffer their children and how much they need the parents love. that namely because of the creation of negative aura around the topic emo subculture it start to be published materials, examining the emo subculture like every one normal youth subculture with its moment character and sensibility, with its transience and colorfulness, with its poetics and many-siding. The emo subculture dangerous or saving life After all this, now in front of us is standing the question to what degree to scare from this tendency, to what degree the children have to be protected and how to be transformed the negativism in this tendency in positivism.The emo culture is extremely excite, many-facing and various. But there e xist deep-seated negative directions of thinking, that the young person have to bear in mind and not to be amenable to them. Every one teen has the right to be such as he wants to be, independently to what subcuture tendency he is an adherent. The important is to be happy of what he is, of the life he lives and of what he believes in. The young person should believe in good, in beautiful and in positive. The emo subculture is also such kind of subculture. Let young people achieve to desex only its good things

Students Stress

As we know going to college has a huge splendor for every pupil. Obviously students gain different experiences from each other. sufficiency a student has advantages and disadvantages. This essay introduces us with one of the disadvantages which is students breed. Financial problems, conviction focussing, changing quiescence or food habits and tender activities are some effectuate and causes that induce students stress.Time management is an effect that induces students stress. When students dont manage their succession abstractly they find it difficult to study. Not being able to arrange their time ,they find it difficult to find the right time to study or march (or any other activity). The more time spent at work (or different activities), the less time a student spends studying. Example 1 Having to hold d take a job and still be a college student is a constant source of stress (Calderon , Hey & Seabert, 2001).The students that work or bet to social activities find it ha rd to manage their time so they can give what they want. As we keep in line from the manakin above students that dont manage their time have lots of stress. Time management is an effect that induces students stress. world even attendees to different activities makes them to have less time to study. Having a work also complicates the ability to manage their time appropriately. It is important for every student to have at least a guide that explains how they can handle this stress. Being able to manage our time helps us a lot to achieve in the appropriate way our studies , work and social activities.An important cause that leads to students stress is financial problem. Having financial problems it is surely the best way to distract students from their studies. Financial support is a tremendous factor in the success of a college student. The need for financial support leads students to take care of job responsibilities. If the student has a family that involves his or her own chil dren, the support of everyoneis needed even more to achieve the goal of graduation (Trockel et al, 2000). Not having a financial support leads students to take job responsibilities which causes lots of stress.As we see in the example above the support of the family is a huge importance. Having financial problems it is surely the best way to distract students from their studies. Finding how to manage their costs is evidently very stressful. The movement that obligates students to take care of job responsibilities is the lack of a financial support. Being free of financial responsibilities is a relief for them. According to the example , to achieve the goal of graduation the students families must give them support.Changing sleeping habits its another cause that creates students stress. Connecting explanation When students go to college change their sleeping habits because of job responsibilities or social activities. Sleep deprivation causes shortened attention span. Increased numb er of errors that students make on a test. Sleeping shorter amounts of time has shown to increase factors such as perplexity and stress which have been associated with academics carrying into action (Celly et al 2001). Connecting explanation Usu solelyy students that change their sleeping habits for different reasons tend to lose their attention which reduces their grades. According to the example above, sleeping less causes much more stress which lowers the academic performance.Changing sleeping habits its another cause that creates students stress. Most of the students when they go to college start a work or attend to social activities which makes them sleep less. A low attention its obviously a lack of sleep. Not being careful to their courses makes them lose lots of information and increases the errors in their tests. According to Celly (2001) Anxiety and stress come from a low amount of sleep and thats what leads to a reduced academic performance. Topic sentence Being part o f social activities is another cause that induces students stress.Following social activities spends the students time more than it should. Taking time out of frequent study hours to work out pulls absent from grades. Exercising too much or not at all can influence academic performance. Students who exercised seven or more hours a workweek obtain significantly lower grades than studentswho exercised 6 or fewer hours weekly or not at all. Exercising too much reduces students academic performance which leads to lower grades. Concluding sentence According to the example above , we can see the importance of not spending too much time in different activities.Being part of social activities is another cause that induces students stress. We all know that following social activities is good when its not exaggerated. It is obvious that spending lots of time in activities doesnt give us the opportunity to study enough. Not studying enough surely reduces students grades. According to the ex ample above , students should understand the importance of spending appropriate hours on social activities.Another cause that induces students stress is changing food habits. Because of different things that students might have during their college they dont have enough time to cook so they change their eating habits. Having an unhealthy diet is an important detail that leads to students stress. Learning to cook is a new challenge for students. undersize computer memory space is available in the average dorm populate , and food storage may not be possible at all (Trockel et al, 2000). Many students consider learning to cook as a challenge so they choose to have an unhealthy diet which causes stress for them. According to Trockel (2000) the reason that students choose to have an unhealthy diet is because of the little storage space available in the average dorm room , or the food storage might not be possible at all.Another cause that induces students stress is changing food habit s. Students before going to college were used with moms cooking. Now they have to do everything on their own , concluding cooking. Because of many students consider cooking as a challenge they go to the supermarket to buy something to eat. Having an unhealthy diet its proved that lowers the expertness to study and this causes students stress. According to Trockel (2000) the reason that students choose to have an unhealthy diet is because of the little storage space available in the average dorm room , or the food storage might not be possible at all.As we see there are lots of causes and effects that induce students stress. coating year I was a freshman in an Italian university and I can say from my experience that is very difficult to handle a stress that college induces. I think that those causes and effects are parts of every students life that is why they shouldnt freak out. Knowing how financial problems , social activities , time management , the change of sleep and food hab its effect students should also be a good priority for studiers to find a way how we can handle it. able-bodied students obviously will be an important step that will lead us to a better future.

The Nature of the Beast: An Analysis of the Genre of Science Fiction

All modes of inquiry correlate with each other due to their intention to coalesce in their emphasis on questions, which raise issues on autonomy, justice, and politics. The differences of lit eonry theories, for example, merely spring from their construal of the semblanceship between the exercise of power and the text. Structuralism views the relation in terms of the relationship of the formal elements in a linguistic system. Marxism assesses the relationship in terms of the role of such relations in the being of social structures.The same method is used by Psychoanalysis, with the emphasis on the conscious and unconscious mind. Deconstruction, on the other hand, perceives the texts role in destabilizing oppositional modes of power. Despite of these differences amongst logical procedures, it does not overshadow the point that these theories give emphasis on their analysis of the political and institutional structures indoors society. A concrete example of this can be seen in th e opposing theories of constructivism and essentialism.Despite their adherence to competing narratives of oppression and resistance constructivism places emphasis on multiple identities on that pointby opposing essentialisms stance on singular categorization twain theories show interest on the subjects position within society and how this position can affect the development of his identity. In f sour, if one isolates the raillery of identity and narratives of oppression in both discourses, one will notice that the ultimate commitment of the theories they adhere to gives emphasis on the idea of political justice.Politics within these discourses is seen as a collective action of resistance, which aims for change in the hopes of attending to the problems obvious in the makeup of identity and agency. It is important to note that literature as a repository of human experience has always been influenced by politics. Exercise of power within society is associated with and dependent on the mass mathematical product of certain kinds of literature, which allows the cultural qualification of ideas.The relation between literature and politics can excessively be seen in literary theorys assessment of the system of consciousness and unconsciousness, which is related to the maintenance, and transformation of the predominant modes of power made possible by literary output (Eagleton 210). It is also dependent upon the ahistorical positioning of the literary text, since this allows the continuous creation of meaning for a grouchy text. This mode of relationship invokes the aesthetic character of literature. Literature as a form of discourse enables the comprehension of aesthetics as a process of communicating while remaking a work.The aesthetic act becomes the incarnation of meaning rather than a materialization of truth. This is possible since in the process of instruction a text, the subject -which can be both the reader and the author- produces another text whic h is the same as the primarily text yet entirely different from it. Perceived within the dialogic process, the intercommittedness of completion and fragmentation can be understood by recognizing that it is in fact the fragmentation of the text, which allows the completion of the text it self.Within this perspective, the aesthetic act becomes political through the social interaction necessitated by the creation and continual recreation of an artistic work. Literature, in this sense, becomes the locus of a condensed and social evaluation. Intersubjectivity precedes subjectivity wherein the production and repression of meaning is seen as a socio-ideological process rather than an individual process. In this scheme, the text is allowed the character of fluidity. No permanent theoretical stipulation and ethical meaning can be attached to it since to do so is tantamount to denying the ahistorical character of the text.This character is invoked since in the end when one considers a text, what is given importance is not necessarily the historical reading of the text but the various readings made available by the literary theories and ethical standpoints that one may attach to the text. Within this process, there is an emphasis on the reassessment and creation of new standpoints since the interpretation of the text involves the thoughtfulness of both the act of writing and reading the text.The re-conceptualization of a literary text through reading enables the individual to undergo a process of analyzing the truth connected with the discourse in which the text is situated, while at the same time reassessing its connection to his self. Due to this, assessing a text becomes a personal and political act wherein the common adage the personal is political can be phrased into an equally influential counter notion that the political is personal. It is important to note that there is a big difference between these two adages.To prescribe that the personal is political is on ly tantamount to equating political importance to personal experiences whereas to say that the political is personal involves following an ideology and political theory in making decisions in everyday life. The function of the verb is in both adages is not that of identification. This process, wherein the reading of a text becomes a vehicle for self-realization and self-transformation is emphasized within the literary literary genre of science fiction. The Genre of Science FictionGenres, as systems of classification, are bureau of strategic control. Within the field of literature, it is believed that the continuous division of literary works into different genres leads not only to the classification of the work and the text but also to the imposition of values and ideals to those people who read the works belonging to a specific genre. Through genre categories like Romance, Horror, or mystery story, those in control of the modes of production control both the reader and the autho r of the work.By promising the readers a familiar set of meanings and controlling the demand for the production and formation of those meanings, those who are in control of the modes of production direct the construction of narratives. Within this context, it is possible for the stories that are produced within society to be a part of a broader form of social classification. Due to this, there is the construction of a particular set of meanings, which can only be understood within specific systems of classification. Genres in this sense become instruments of control.This is evident if one considers that genres encode rules that constrain theproduction and reception of meaningscommunicated through a large number of meta-texts (Hodge 27). These meta-texts become the basis for the production of knowledge. All knowledge is positioned as knowledge in itself and knowledge produced from and within body. As soon as both forms of knowledge are connected to a knowing subject, the subject beco mes ensnared to the poststructuralist dictum of the unity and independence of the self, which leads to the formation of the narratives of the self.Narratives then display the imprint of culture and its institutions on the individuals sense of identity. Since self and language are mutually implicated in an interdependent system of symbolic behavior, the language that one uses for the creation of literary narratives dictates the creation of identities. The modern era thereby places the individual in a kind of political double bind as it coerces the individual to conform to normalizing and disciplinary forms of narrative construction evident in the domestication of literature (Suvin 373). Science fiction, however, as a genre eludes the monopolizing character of other genres.As a genre, it is at the intersection of various fields. It draws on the elements of customary culture, science, and all types of social relations (James and Mendlesohn 1). This is evident if one considers that it employs a methodology and an approach, which enables the specification of a new set of values through the depiction of a radical form of reality. In this sense, science fiction is less of a genre if one is to conceive of a genre as specifying a particular texts subject matter and approach to themes. As opposed to the other literary genres, science fiction cannot be expected to employ a specific set of elements and tropes.It may however be depicted as a form of ongoing discussion since the texts within the genre may be perceived as mutually referential due to their characteristic opposition towards a naturalistic and empiricistic conception of reality. Science fiction as a genre is thereby defined by its critical stance towards the normative depictions of reality. However, to state that this is the defining characteristic of the genre provides problems for the genre itself. This is evident if one considers that it leaves the genre spread to other forms of literary texts with the afo rementioned characteristics such as fantasy and myth.Contrary to this, science fiction stands in opposition to the aforementioned forms of literature. Science fiction is neither totalizing nor deterministic as it presents a predetermined conception of the conception and end of reality myth. Furthermore, it is neither based upon a conceptual scheme that posits the impossible as modal(a) fantasy. James and Mendlesohn state, the sense of wonder is the emotional heart of science fiction (3). David Nye refers to this as the appreciation of the sublime evident in science fiction texts.Such a description further echoes Frederick Pohls description of science fiction as a way of thinking more or less things (qtd in Malzberg 38). Generally, this way of thinking about things may be All of these will show that the spontaneous and habitual orientation of attention is inimical to the maintenance of reality. Therefore, scientific fiction provides a change of direction of attention and a kind of ontological conversion, which affects the aesthetic, ethical, and political perceptions of the reality. This reorientation also affects the ontology of the world.

Human sexuality Essay

She was barely eight years old when together with seven of her age mates ,she was handed everywhere to a tralatitious circumciser who took them through the painful process of FGM. it has been many years since ,and she has accomplished so some(prenominal) in life, but the incident remains sugared in her mind. The old woman who took them through the process was going blind, she says, and three of the eight who underwent the procedure died due to excessive bleeding. One of them was her very close friend.luckily for her, the bleeding was not too much and she had a savior at hand. Her father, who was a policeman, took her to a hospital in Garissa using a police set ashore rover. This was the traumatizing experience that nominated Member of Parliament, Sophia Abdi Noor went through when her mother blessed her to undergo the rite of passage that would cleanse her and make her acceptable for marriage according to tradition. neer before in history of the august house had a member used he r own life experience to move debate as Ms.Sophia did when keep the bill to bring outlaw female genital mutilation. Female genital mutilation is the term used for operations or removal of all or just weaken of the external parts of female genitilia. This entrust has for a long time come under increasingly intense international scrutiny from the news media, feminist and human rights organizations. The main reasons for continuation of FGM are firstly, as a rite of passage from girlhood to womanhood a circumcised woman is considered mature, obedient and aware of her type in the family and society.Secondly, FGM is perpetuated as a means of reducing inner desire of girls and women, thereby curbing versed activity before and ensuring fidelity in spite of appearance marriage. Although contrary to female circumcision has been articulated throughout the twentieth century, starting with missionaries and colonial administrators, the current resurgence of indignation was ignited in pa rt by activists at conferences ceremony the United Nations Decade for women(1975-1985). (Shell-Duncan. B,Hernland-Ypg 23) The practice of circumcising women has very deep roots that touch all aspects of the cultures that continue to inflict it upon their girls.However,it still remains to be a practice that violates the human rights of affected women in a moral and ethical sense because it generates psychological torture, low self-esteem, tampers with a womans sexuality and is a wellness hazard. Psychological torture The pain inflicted by F. G. M does not stop with the initial procedure, but often continues as an ongoing torture throughout a womans life. Intense pain and hemorrhage experienced during the procedure can lead to shock.A 1985 Kenyan study found that nearly 97% of the 269 women interviewed experienced intense pain during and after F. G.M and more than 13% went into shock. According to WHO, It is self-evident that any form of surgical interference in the exceedingly sens itive genital organs constitutes a serious menace to the woman, and that the painful operation is a source of major physical as well as psychological trauma. The extent and nature of the immediate and long-term mental disturbances give depend on the girls inner defences, the prevailing psychological environment, and a host of other factors. The family no doubt does its best to mitigate the painful effects of the operation n wholenesstheless, they necessarily undergo overwhelming experiences.Even before the operation, the threat of cutting and fear provoking situation may disturb the mental state of the child to the degree that it causes worry, anxiety, sleeplessness, nightmares or panic. As anticipating precautions against these anxieties the family commonly uses various forms of traditional magi co-religious practice such as fumigation, or the wearing of amulets. On a religious perspective, the scripture prescribes that special efforts be made to care for those who are most(pren ominal) vulnerable. (Deut 1017-19,Ps 823,4 Ps2411,12Luke 152-54) Jesus taught that children should be loved and protected.Therefore,the genital mutilation of young girls violates the biblical mandate to safeguard children and protect them from harm and abuse Tampers with a womans sexuality. Sexual intercourse can only take place after opening the infibulation, through surgery or penetrative sexual intercourse. Consequently, intercourse is frequently painful during the first weeks after initiation. Although it is difficult to verify reports or womens sexual experiences, physical complications from FGM often impede sexual enjoyment. FGM destroys much or all of the vulva nerve endings, delaying arousal or impairing orgasm.Lacerations loss of skin elasticity, or development of neuron (a tumor or mass growing from a nerve) can lead to painful intercourse. In a 1993 Kenyan study, 5% of women interviewed experienced painful intercourse while 9. 3% of them reported having difficult or impos sible penetration, and that many of the marry ones only accepted it only as a duty. Scripture celebrates the divinely ordained gift of sexual intimacy within marriage (Eccl9. 9Prov 518,19). The practice of female genital mutilation should be renounced because it threatens the creators design for the experience of joyful sexuality by married couples.For married couples, the gift of sexual union may be further blessed by the birth of children (Prov 3128). The fact that successful childbirth is be by FGM is additional grounds for opposition to this practice. Health hazard. In October 1994, as a response to the call to Global Action,UNICEF issued an executive directive declaring that FGM is a wellness hazard to children and violation of their human rights. FGM in any form should not be practiced by health professionals in any setting including hospitals or other health establishments.Unnecessary oddly mutilation cannot be condoned by health providers. FGM is harmful to the health of w omen and girls and violates their basic human rights and medicalization of the procedure does not eliminate this harm. On the contrary, it reinforces the continuation of the practice by seeming to legitimize it. Health practitioners should provide all necessary care and counseling for complications that may arise as a result. Group circumcision, where the same unsterilized instrument is used on several girls at a time, repeat cutting and stitching increases risk of HIV infection.The countersign presents the goodness of Gods creation, including the creation of human beings (Gen 131 Ps 13913, 14). God is the source and sustainer of human life (Job 334 john 13, 4). He calls for preservation of human life and holds humanity accountable for its destruction(Gen 95,6Ex2013,Jer 73-34). The human body is the the temple of the Holy Spirit, and followers of God are urged to care for and preserve their bodies, including the Creators gift of sexuality, as a spiritual responsibility (1cor615-19 ).Because FGM is harmful to health, threatening to life, and injurious to sexual function, it is incompatible with the will of God. Having discussed the side effects that FGM pauses to victims, various communities have come up with measures to fight this procedure, an alternative rite of passage in the abandonment of FGM is used. It involves a four-step procedure Preparation Seminars for both parents and initiates are encouraged. The topics will include side effects of female circumcision, and get prepared to attend a residential seminar to spread out on what the alternative procedure entails.Actual Circumcision In the alternative Rite of passage, actual circumcision should be stopped since we have learnt that it is not necessary to make a woman an adult nor mature. The side effects of F. C both short and long terms are to be avoided if actual circumcision is not performed. Parents can aim a teacher and trainer, for their daughter who will accompany her to the residential centre f or an alternative rite of passage seminar. Seclusion. For this the girls will attend a residential seminar for one week away from home.The initiate will be accompanied with their teacher and trainer. Women both circumcised and un circumcised from the community will facilitate during the seminar. Additional topics-AIDS, STIs, simple hygiene and with child(p) women in the Bible, in community and in Kenya. Rites and rituals will be optional. Girls of circumcision age are between six and twelve years old. For the purpose of effective learning, the girls will be divided into two groups girls between six and nine, ten and twelve. Graduation Graduation is expected to be brief and colourful.Songs, drama, plays and poems will be encouraged. Parents, community leaders, politicians and presidential term officials will be invited to attend to witness the graduation of whole girls. Certificates of graduation will be awarded and prayers, blessings conducted. Exchange of gifts for newly graduate d girls will be carried out and finally the graduates will be handed over to the community,chief,church elders and clan elders. Since its an annual event, committees are to b e established to plan for the following year.

Mental Workload Assessment

We all feel stressed out and strained when we have work to do. not only that, we experience situations like this even if we be just green goddessvass. More often, we feel pressured just by thinking the amount of exams to be prepared for, or for that next project that is necessary for a slap-up promotion in the company.Mental workload is the right term for the stress and strain we experience, especially with regards to studying and working. The Hanover College defines mental workload as the feeling of mental effort or the level of use of the merciful street girls limited resources (n.d.). In short, mental workload is a withdraw placed upon humans (Xiaoli, n.d.).When at that place is in any case some(prenominal) mental workload, it might lead to errors. Preventing this makes mental workload important to be understood. However, due to the many factors that must be considered in discussing mental workload, defining it becomes difficult.Mental workload is important in motionw ay and aviation and design. In fact, most of the studies conducted near mental workload were somewhat driving and aviation and delegate demands. This is perhaps due to the fact that a driver is required to do not just one and only(a) but many tasks. Moreover, even though a driver is experienced, accidents facilitate occur.De Waard (1996) conducted a study on mental workload among drivers. He said that driving a car looks like a attractive simple task for everyone. Driving schools provide comprehensive lessons and manuals on how to drive safely. But no amour how good a driver pot be, accidents cannot be avoided. Moreover, these accidents are attributed to human failure. Human failure is still increased due to several factors. First is the increasing account of vehicles on the pass. There is a demand on the human training processing system, and also increase in the likelihood of vehicles colliding.Second, people drive well into old age. However, older people tend to suffer from problems in terms of divided perplexity performance. It all started with the car radio, and wherefore car phones and opposite technological devices. The driver must divide his fear to all these systems besides controlling the vehicle. Lastly, those drivers in a diminished state may endanger him. some of the time, drivers set out at night for the longer journeys to avoid traffic. Driving at night can cause him sleepiness and fatigue. Aside from this, the driver can also be intoxicated (de Waard, 1996).Xiaoli (n.d.) presented the factors which affect driver workload, including the following fatigue, monotony, sedative drugs and alcohol. Environmental factors also affect drivers, such as traffic demands, automation and road environment demands.There are polar techniques in assessing mental workload, including the following performance taprooms, physiological measures, and indwelling task measures (or self-report measures) (Luximon & Goonetilleke, 2001). Primary and second ary task measures comprise the performance, or system output measures. An overview of each opinion technique will be discussed in the context of traffic research (driving or aviation).Performance MeasuresIn Xiaolis (n.d.) slide presentation, he said that the measures usually belonging to this category are speed of performance, number of errors made and reaction time measures. Outside the laboratory, these become task-specific. De Waard (1996) said that most of primary-task measures include speed or accuracy measures.Aside from this, De Waard (1996) explained that primary-task performance establishes the efficiency of man-machine interaction. Not just the primary-task performance but also other workload measures must work together so that valid conclusions can be drawn virtually man-machine interaction.There are several approaches in the measuring rod of performance measures. First is the analytical approach (Meshkati, Hancock, Rahimi and Dawes, 1995). gibe to Welford (1978, cite d in Meshkati, Hancock, Rahimi and Dawes, 1995), the analytical approach considers the detail at the actual performance of the task that will be assessed. Not only the overall achievement is examined but also the manner in which it is achieved. Another perspicacity technique is the synthetic methods.These start with a task analysis of the system. Task analytic procedures are then used to identify the specific performance demands placed on the operator. The third approach is the multiple measurement of primary task performance. This approach is very useful when individual measures of primary task performance do not envision enough sensitivity to operator workload.On the other hand, Xiaoli (n.d.) indicated that secondary-task performance are about factors such as time estimation or time-interval production and memory-search tasks. The assumption associated with secondary task measure says that an upper limit exists on the ability of a human operator to gather and process developmen t (Meshkati, Hancock, Rahimi & Dawes, 1995).The way to measure secondary-task performance is through another task included to the primary one. De Waard (1996) mentioned about the multiple-resource possible action. The theory says that the largest sensitivity in secondary-task measures can be achieved if the overlap in resources is high (De Waard, 1996).According to Hancock, Vercruyssen and Rodenburg (1992), a soulfulness must have the ability to synchronize their actions with the dynamics of differing environmental demands so that he can pass away and prosper in uncertain conditions. This means that the person must have some degree of autonomy with respect to space and time.However, secondary-task measures have impairments to consider. According to De Waard (1996), time sharing is not very efficient if the same resources are utilized. Moreover, additional instrumentation is required in secondary-task measures. Not only that, but there is pretermit of operator acceptance. Ther e are also possible compromises to system safety.Subjective Task MeasuresThere is much talk about the self-report measures, which is also called inborn measures. In fact, for De Waard (1996), self-report measures are advantageous because they can better show the real meaning of mental workload.These measures subjectivity is what makes self-report measures strong. Muckler and Seven (1992, as cited in De Waard, 1996) explained that self-report measures are strong because the sensation of the operator about the increasing effort used must give subjective measures an important share to play. Moreover, performance and effort are incorporated in self-report measures. Additionally, individual differences, operator state and attitude are also considered.Xiaoli (n.d.) said that the primary advantages of subjective task measures are high face validity, ease of practise and low costs. However, there are also limitations in these measures. First is that there might be wateriness of mental and physical load in rating. There might also be an exhibition of the operators inability to differentiate between external demands and actual effort or workload experienced. Second, limitations can be seen in the operators ability to introspect and rate expenditure correctly. Hancock, Brill, Mouloua and Gilson (2002) added that another disadvantage of self-report measures is that they cannot be used for online workload assessment.Physiological MeasuresAccording to De Waard (1996), physiological measures showed sensitivity to global arousal or activation level and in some stages in information processing. One advantage of this is that physiological responses do not carry an obvious response by the operator. Additionally, most cognitive tasks do not need overt behavior. Moreover, some of the measures can be collected continuously.Kramer (1991, cited in De Waard, 1996) showed some of the disadvantages of these measures. First is that there must be specialized equipment and technical expertise to be able to utilize these measures. Second is the presence of signal-to-noise ratios. Kramer furthered that in operator-system performance, the operators physiology is not directly have-to doe with, unlike in primary-task performance.Other physiological measures involved in driving are pupil diameter, endogenous eye blinks, blood pressure, respiration, electrodermal activity, hormone levels, event associate potentials, and electromyogram.De Waard (1996) furthered that not all measures are sensitive to workload when it comes to performance. There are instances when dissociation between these measures of different categories was reported. He said that dissociation occurs between measures when they do not correspond to changes in the workload, or if there is an increase in one measure and a decrease in another.Performance is thus abnormal by the amount of resources invested and the demands on working memory.Hancock, Brill, Mouloua and Gilson (2002) said that although ph ysiological measures present global assessments of workload, they do teensy-weensy to balance the demands of tasks on sensory systems. In addition, physiological measures provide little or no information about what sensory systems are most taxed.To measure mental workload, two groups must be considered (Gopher & Donchin, 1986, cited in De Waard, 1996). Self-report measures, physiological measures and performance measures are included in the first group. This group supposes that it is probable to achieve a global measure of mental workload. The second group includes secondary-task measures and some of the physiological measures. This group is concerned about those diagnostic procedures and has something to do with the theories of multiple resources.ReferencesDe Waard, Dick. (1996). The measurement of drivers mental workload. The Netherlands The Traffic Research Center VSC.Hancock, P.A., Brill, J.C., Mouloua, M., & Gilson, R.D. (2002). M-SWAP On-line workload assessment in aviation. Paper presented at the 12th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Dayton, OH.Hancock, P.A., Vercruyssen, M., & Rodenburg, G.J. (1992). The effect of sexual practice and time-of-day on time perception and mental workload. Current Psychology Research and Review,. 11, 203-225.Hanover College. (n.d.). Mental Workload. Retrieved October 27, 2007 from http//psych.hanover.edu/classes/hfnotes3/tsld022.htmlLuximon, A. & Goonetilleke, R. (2001). Simplified subjective workload assessment technique. Ergonometrics, 44, 229-243.Meshkati, N., Hancock, P.A., Rahimi, M., & Dawes, S.M. (1995). Techniques of mental workload assessment. In J. Wilson and E.N. Corlett, (Eds.). Evaluation of human work A hardheaded ergonomics methodology. (Second Edition), London Taylor and Francis.Xiaoli, Yi. (n.d.). Measurements of mental workload. Slide presentation. Available on http//www.slideshare.net/ESS/measurement-of-mental-workload/

Steady State Theory and Pulsating Theory

In cosmology, the Steady State opening (also known as the Infinite Universe system or continuous creation) is a model developed in 1948 by Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, Hermann Bondi and others as an alternate(a) to the Big Bang theory (known, usually, as the standard cosmological model). In steady state views, current matter is continuously created as the macrocosm expands, so that the perfect cosmological principle is adhered to.Theoretical calculations showed that a tranquil universe was impossible under general relativity, and observations by Edwin Hubble had shown that the universe was expanding. The steady state theory asserts that although the universe is expanding, it nevertheless does not change its appearance over time (the perfect cosmological principle) it has no inauguration and no end. The theory requires that new matter must be continuously created (mostly as henry) to keep the comely density of matter equal over time.The amount required is low and not directly per ceptible roughly one solar mass of baryons per cubic megaparsec per year or roughly one hydrogen atom per cubic meter per billion years, with roughly five times as much muddied matter. Such a creation rate, however, would cause observable effects on cosmological scales. Dust-Cloud Theory. Between 1940 and 1955 the German astronomer Carl f. von Weizsaccker, the Dutch-American astronomer Gerald P. Kuiper and the U. S. chemist Harold C.Urey worked out a theory that attempted to account for all the characteristics of the solar system that need to be explained. fit in to their dust- grease ones palms theory, the solar system was make from a slowly rotating cloud of dust and gas that contracted and started to rotate faster in its outer parts, where eddies solveed. These eddies were small near the centre of the cloud and larger at greater distances from the center. The distances corresponded more or less to the Titius-Bode relation.As the clouds cooled, materials coagulated near the e dges of the eddies and at last formed planets and asteroids, all moving in the same direction. The slowly rotating central part of the cloud condensed and formed the solarise, and the suns central temperature rose as gravity further compressed the material. When nuclear reactions eventually began in the suns interior, nigh 5 billion years ago, much of the nearby gas was blown away by the bosom of the suns emitted light.Nevertheless the earthy retained an tune consisting of methane, ammonia, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and nitrogen, with perhaps some hydrogen. In this primitive atmosphere and in the seas below it, organic compounds were formed that eventually resulted in living organisms. The organisms evolved in the next 2 billion years into higher plants and animals, and photosynthesis by plants and the weathering of rock produced the oxygen in the earths atmosphere.Although free gases near the sun were blown outward 4 to 5 billion years ago, according to the dust-cloud theo ry, the giant planets were too irrelevant to be much affected. They are large, therefore, and contain a great amount of hydrogen. The comets, in turn, are ruling to be the outer part of the primordial nebula, left behind as the inner part condensed to form the sun and the planets. The Dutch astronomer J. H. Oort speculated that this material condensed into chunks that continue to move along with the sun through space.Now and thus a chunk is perturbed and falls slowly toward the sun. As it is heated by sunlight, it grows a coma and tail. The dust-cloud theory thus explains the solar system characteristics listed above. It is most weak in detailing the process whereby the planets and asteroids formed from solids that make up only a small percent of the primordial nebula. However, this is essentially a chemical problem, strongly dependent on the sequence or timing of events such as eddy formation, temperature changes, and the start of solar luminosity. Pulsating Theory According to this theory, the universe is supposed to be expanding and contracting alternately i. e. pulsating. At present, the universe is Expanding. According to pulsating theory, it is possible that at a certain time, the expansion of the universe may be stopped by the gravitational pull and the may contract over again. After it has been contracted to a certain size, explosion again occurs and the universe will start expanding. The alternate expansion and contraction of the universe give rise to pulsating universe.

Briefly Outline the Distinctive Features of the Sociological Approach to Understanding Human Life and the Illustrate How You Would Use Sociology to Make Sense of Globalisation.

Sociology is the systematic, sceptical and critical study of the expressive style that people do things together . Its not a science that simply lists facts and figures about beau monde. Instead it becomes a form of consciousness, a way of thinking, a critical way of visual perception the world. It welcomes you to challenge the obvious, to question the world as it is taken for granted and to de-familiarising the familiar. This is what empowers critical thinking which triggers the development of the understanding of the tender-hearted feel.The aim of this essay is to outline the sociological commence to understanding homophile emotional area , to explore the different sociological scenes , to question the reliability of the different forms of enquiry and to emphasise the key elements that make sociology different to former(a) ways of exploring the benevolent life. Finally I shall be illustrating its approach with regards to my biography. nib Berger distinctive approach to understanding human life was characterised by seeing the frequent as the particular.This meant that sociologist can identify general patterns of social life by looking at concrete physical exertions of social life. The genesis of this approach is when we realise how the general categories into which we happen to fall shape our particular life experiences. Berger feels that the general impact of lodge on the actions, thoughts and feelings of particular people are made evident in the way that societies view change over time. For example the views on inequality acquit changed since the start of the twenty- freshman century.Another sociological approach to sociology is seeing the strange in the familiar, the first wisdom of sociology is this , things are not what they seem , Bauman. This is the approach where you have to de- familiarise the familiar , which means that when your approaching to understand human life you have to look at it with a sense that people do not decide what t o do but instead lodge guides their thoughts and deeds. So in essence sociology sets out to show the patterns and processes by which society shapes what we do.C. Wright mills approach to understanding human life was to show that most of our problems were not caused by us but from society. He felt that The sociological imagination was a way of understanding that social outcomes are shaped by social context. He claims that some things in society lead to certain outcomes. when a society becomes industrialised , a peasant becomes a worker . Therefore the things we do are shaped by the situation we are in, the values we have. I believe that all three approaches differ ut where they all overlap is in their belief that a person must be able to draw up away from the situation and to think from an alternative point of view. To acquire real knowledge is to go against the shape quo. 1. The first wisdom of sociology is this things are not what they seem (sociology global intro p. 5) 2. C . Wright Mills. 1959. The promise in The sociological Imagination New York 3. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/C. _Wright_Mills 4. Macionis, 5th edition , chapter 1 5. Berger, Peter Invitation to sociology . New York , 1963 With regards to perspectives in understanding human life there are two which are prominent.The first is the functional perspective, this recognises that our lives are guided by social structures. It therefore organises sociological observation by identifying various structures of society and investigating the function of each one. This is a building block for theories that see society as a complex system whose move work together to promote solidarity and stability. One of the problems I have with this perspective is that it evokes that society is organically stable, I also questions how we can assume that society has a natural order when social patterns change from situation and time.The second sociological perspective is the conflict perspective . this analysis p oints out that, rather than promoting the operation of society as a whole , social structure typically benefits some people while depriving others, for example the rich in relation to the poor. So sociologist such as Marx that belong to this enlighten of thought extend to understand society at the same time change it . The problem here is that as this perspective highlights inequality and undermines unity among members in a society.The aim of this perspective is to pursue political goals , it overlooks scientific objectivity. The other side of the sociological approach to understanding human life is to conduct sociological investigation in order to find out what is sociologically true. There are many different areas of thought which have different angles on what is scientifically true. Positivism suggests that sociological/scientific truths are based on a posteriori evidence. So for example Berger approach of seeing the general within the particular would coincide here.The reliab ility of sociological truths do have limitations , for example Peter Berger social patterns change constantly, what is true in one society and in one particular time may not hold truth in another. As opposed to the laws of mathematics, they are universal truths and are immutable. This all evaporates to the argument of common sense versus scientific evidence, and leads to conclusions that sociology should conform to a more than humanistic discipline when it comes to understanding human life. This is what differentiates sociology when it comes to other ways of exploring human life.The is because sociology pays more tribute to subjectivity, public opinion and examines how individual(a)s behave to social constrains. This is something which is not evident in a scientific truth or theory. I shall now be making sense of my biography using sociology. The first step will be to consider my biography in a broader view. I have a very healthy family structure with both my parents happily marri ed. Although we are catholic my parents have had a munificent approach in bringing me up. We have been a victim of crime when we were living opposite a council estate where they stole my fathers car.I am half Colombian, middle class and male. I believe that this trait has made me part of the sociological movement of Colombians who have immigrated to the west and choose to not be judged on the two-channeltypical Colombia (drug dealer ) but on the context of our character. I believe in terms of historical context I am part of the second generation of immigrants, this means that I have been given the opportunity to go to university , take advantage of great health care and go to top state schools where I have been able to mix with upper berth middle class children.I chose to use a historical context because In the sociological imagination , Mills claimed that we can besides understand human life by locating himself within his period. This is because he felt that human choices are dictated by the times in which you live . Given the calibre of education I received at 6th form as was able to acquire a placement at a top carbon brokerage in the city . So I have never been effected by the economic downturn in this country . I was bought up in the 90s the decade where computers/internet became accessible to most people.My parents always encouraged me to learn as some(prenominal) as possible online, aiding me to have extensive financial acumen, making me effective at my internship. I could of soft have stayed at this job but I decided to go to university. I am not a hundred per cent which social norms caused me to do this, was it to be perceived as an intelligent individual with a degree , was it effective government propaganda in order to have less under 21 in the job market or was it to simply promote inequality.A lot of people reason that going to university promotes this because only middle class children who have the money to pay the fees , who have been to top school that have aided their application or have the support of their academic parents are in a head start position compared to ethnic minorities from run down institutions whose parents have no idea of what upper education entails.In conclusion I feel that sociology has an effective approach to understand human life. It uses a humanistic science which develops as society does. The social sciences adopt scientific methods in the investigation of human behavior on the other hand sociology studies human society as Berger would say by seeing the general in the particular. Furthermore sociology encourages us to question the familiar , helping us to bring out fact from fiction.You could argue that this is what has triggered the great minds such as Albert Einteirn. Sociology also helps us to differentiate opportunities and constrains that shape our lives , give care I did in my biography where I have had the opportunity to attended a reputable state school which has opened many door s for me but I have also faced constrains with being stereo typed as a Colombian drug dealer.Bibliography The first wisdom of sociology is this things are not what they seem (sociology global intro p. 5) C. Wright Mills. 1959. The promise in The Sociological Imagination New York http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/C. _Wright_Mills Macionis, 5th edition , chapter 1 Berger, Peter Invitation to sociology . New York , 1963